Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the purpose of the Cardiovascular system?
Transport- deliver oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells across the body and remove wastes (CO2, etc)
Protection- white blood cells and antibodies help fight infection, platelets clot wounds
Regulation- helps body maintain temp., pH, and water level
What are the three elements of the cardiovascular system?
the heart (pump), the blood vessels (container), the blood (stuff)
What are the components of blood? What is a ran through? How many liters of blood in the body?
Ran through a centrifuge, and is sorted into three distinct layers: plasma, buffy coat, and hematocrit; there are 5 liters in the body
How much plasma makes up blood volume?
55%
What is albumin? What is hypoalbuminemia?
albumin maintains osmotic pressure; hypoalbuminemia is low levels of albumin, which leads to edema (swelling)
What are globulins? What are fibrinogens?
Globulins transport hormones; Fibrinogens aid in clotting
What components make of plasma? All are made by?
Fibrinogens, globulins, albumin
Liver
What does the buffy coat contain?
white blood cells (makes up 1% blood volume)
What is another name for WBC’s and what are they involved in? What can they do with blood vessels, and what is this called?
leukocytes; involved in immune response to infection; they slip through blood vessels that aren’t capillaries, in a process called diapedesis
What is leukocytosis? What is leukopenia?
Leukocytosis- too many WBC’s (signals infection or some cancers)
Leukopenia–not enough WBC’s (signals chemotherapy, radiation or some viral infections)
What else does a buffy coat contain, besides WBC’s? What is it’s primary job?
platelets; aid in clotting
Where does platelets come from? What do platelets love to stick to? What is another name for platelets?
a cell type called megakaryocyte; love to stick to collagen (clotting occurs); thrombocytes
What is hematocrit?
the percentage of blood that is RBC’s
What is the percentages of RBC’s for males and females?
45% in males
40% in females
What else are RBC’s called? What are they have and what do they not have?
erythrocytes; they are anucleate and have no organelles
What do RBC’s carry and how much? What do they carry?
carry over 250 million hemoglobin per RBC, and each hemoglobin holds 4 O2 molecules
What is their shape and what does it given them? (RBC)
a biconcave disk and it gives them a high surface area volume ration
What is anemia and the four types?
Anemia is any blood disorder where blood transports oxygen less efficiently
Iron deficiency, Sickle-cell, Thalassemia, Aplastic
Describe the four types of anemia
Iron Deficiency- hemoglobin requires iron in its structure
Sickle-cell- hemoglobin protein has a single mutation (misshaped)
Thalassemia- imbalance in production of alpha and beta subunits on hemoglobin
Aplastic- toxins or other damage stop marrow from producing RBC’s
What is thrombocytopenia?
Any disorder that causes a decrease. in the number of platelets (aka “Thrombocytes”)
Where else can anemia appear?
Old age from nutritional deficiencies, lack of vitamins, and leukemia
Describe the circle in which blood vessels “circle” around the body, starting from the heart
Blood leaves the heart through large arteries; Arteries branch into arterioles; Arterioles split into capillaries; Capillaries reassemble into venules; Venules then merge into veins
