Joint Movements Flashcards
Joint Movements
Tremendous variety of joint movements possible
The shapes of the articulating surfaces determine what movements are allowed
Hinge Joint
allows flexion and extension
ex: elbow joints, interphalangeal joints, knee joints
Pivot Joint
allows rotation
ex: proximal radiounlar joints, atlantoaxial joint
Ball and Socket Joint
very flexible; allows flexion/extension and adduction/abduction and rotation
ex: shoulder joints, hip joints
Flexion and Extension
Extension: pull back
Flexion: bend towards
Hyperextension is extending a joint past its normal range of motion (typically results in a break or a sprain)
Abduction/Adduction and Circumdation/Rotation
Circumduction is an actual circle movement
Rotation is a movement around an axis
Abduction: to move away from body
Adduction: to move toward/bring back to body
Elevation and Depression
Elevation: lifting a body part superiorly
Depression: moving a body part inferiorly
Protraction vs Retraction
Protraction: moving a body part in the anterior direction
Retraction: moving a body part in the posterior direction
Pronation vs Supination
Pronation: rotating the forearm to palm faces posteriorly
–radius crossed over ulna
Supination: rotating the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly
- -radius parallel to ulna
- -SAP
*Important! In SAP, radius is lateral and ulna is medial, When palm faces posteriorly, bones cross and form an X
Opposition
Moving the thumb to touch the tips of other fingers
Inversion vs Eversion
Inversion: turning the sole of the foot medially
Eversion: turning the sole of the foot laterally
Dorsiflexion vs Plantar Flexion
Dorsiflexion: lifting the foot so its superior surface approaches the skin
Plantar Flexion: depressing the foot elevating the heel (“standing on tip-toes”)
Typical Synovial Joint
Articular Capsule --fibrous layer --synovial membrane Joint cavity (containing synovial fluid) Articular Cartilage Ligament
Knee Joint
Femur Articular Capsule Articular Cartilage Meniscus Joint cavity filled w/ synovial fluid Tibia Synovial membrane Patella ACL LCL Lateral Meniscus PCL MCL Medial Meniscus
