Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 2201 > Eye (Ch. 19) > Flashcards

Eye (Ch. 19) Flashcards

1
Q

Vision

A

Dominant sense in humans: 70% of sensory receptors are in eyes, 40% of cerebral cortex devoted to processing visual info.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 cranial nerves that are associated with vision?

A

Optic (CN 2)
Oculomotor (CN 3)
Trochlear (CN 4)
Abducens (CN 6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the structures of the eye

A 
Lateral angle (outer corner of eye)
Inferior palpebrum (eyelid)
Lacrimal Caruncle
Medial Angle (inner eye corner)
Eyelashes
Superior Palpebrum (eyelid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the palpebrum?

A

The eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do the eyelids do?

A

Protect the eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What separates the upper and lower lids? Where do they meet?

A

Palpebral fissure separate upper and lower lids

Pangles are where they meet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Conjunctiva?

A

Mucus membrane covering inner eyelids and sclera (NOT THE CORNEA!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus

A

Lacrimal glands supply eyes with lacrimal fluid (tears)
Lacrimal fluid has immune fxns (mucus, antibodies, enzymes)

Drains into lacrimal sac and then nasolacrimal duct and nasal cavity = runny nose when crying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List the 6 extrinsic eye muscles.

A 
Lateral rectus
Medial rectus
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Superior oblique
Inferior oblique
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus?

A

Abducens (CN 6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the superior oblique?

A

Trochlear (CN 4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique?

A

Oculomotor (CN 3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fxn of lateral rectus?

A

Abduct eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fxn of medial rectus?

A

Adduct eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fxn of superior rectus?

A

Elevate and adducts eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fxn of inferior rectus?

A

Depresses and adducts eye

17
Q

Fxn of inferior oblique?

A

Elevates and abducts eye

18
Q

Fxn of superior oblique?

A

Depresses and adducts eye

19
Q

Eye Structure: Fibrous Layer

A

Most external

Includes Sclera and Cornea

20
Q

Fibrous Layer: Sclera

A

Tough, outer covering of eye (white of eye). Protects eyeball

21
Q

Fibrous Layer: Cornea

A

Continuation of sclera, transparent, allows right into eye, acts as fixed lens for focusing

*Cornea is avascular but lots of nerve endings

22
Q

Eye Structure: Vascular Layer

A

Middle layer

Includes Choroid, Ciliary body/muscles, Iris, and Pupil

23
Q

Vascular Layer: Choroid

A

heavily pigmented vascular layer. Melanin helps absorb light

24
Q

Vascular Layer: Ciliary body/muscles

A

encircle lends, control lens shape for precise focusing

25
Q

Vascular Layer: Iris

A

Colored part of eye, regulates light entering eye

26
Q

Vascular Layer: Pupil

A

A space, not a structure! Allows light to enter eye.

Pupil contracts in bright light (parasympathetic innervation)

Pupil dilates in low light (sympathetic innervation)

27
Q

Eye Structure: Inner Layer

A 
Retina: converts light to nerve impulses
Optic Nerve (CN 2): transmits nerve impulses to brain
28
Q

Retina

A

Innermost layer of eyeball, photosensitive (sensitive to light)

2 layer:

  • -pigmented layer = melanocytes. Absorb light and keep it from scattering
  • -neural layer - nervous tissue w/ photoreceptive cells
29
Q

Photoreceptor Cells

A

Rods: work best in dim light
Cones: perceive red, blue, green. Cones great for color vision, bright light.

Absorption spectra overlap, so combination of stipulations of cones - different colors

30
Q

Retina: Macula Lutea, Fovea Centralis, and Optic Disc

A

Macula Lutea: area of concentrated cone cells at posterior pole

Fovea Centralis: area of only cone cells inc enter of macula lute. Highest visual acuity

Optic Disc: blind spot, location where optic nerve attaches. No photoreceptor cells

31
Q

What is the blind spot in the eye?

A

Optic Disc

32
Q

Lens

A

avascular, transparent disk, shape can be changed to adjust focus

33
Q

Anterior Chamber

A

in front of lens

has aqueous humor

34
Q

Posterior Chamber

A

behind lens. Has vitreous humor (jellylike). Most volume of eye

35
Q

Vitreous and Aqueous humor help maintain ___ ___?

A

Vitreous and Aqueous humor help maintain intra-ocular pressure

36
Q

Incoming Images

A

Since lens of eye is convex, images are upside down and reversed.

Cerebral cortex flips image back to “normal” so we can see properly

Anatomy 2201 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions