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History AS1 > Jewish persecution: War and Genocide 1939-45 > Flashcards

Jewish persecution: War and Genocide 1939-45 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Hitler say in his notorious reichstag speech Jan 1939

A

He warned that any future war could lead to “ the destruction of the Jewish race in Europe”

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2
Q

What restrictions were placed on Jews in September 1939?

A

Radio sets were removed from German Jews, a curfew imposed and denied rations for clothing, footwear and certain foodstuffs

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3
Q

What Ghettos were Jews sent to in January 1940(3)?

A

Warsaw, Lvov and Lodz where used as slave labour

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4
Q

When and where was the first sealed Ghetto established?

A

Lodz April 1940

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5
Q

When were he first ghettos established?

A

October 1939

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6
Q

What were ghettoes initially set up for?

A

temporary holding bays while the NAzis decided what to do w Jews but lasted much longer

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7
Q

How bad was overcrowding in ghettos?

A

Warsaw held 500 000 people but was only 3.5 square miles in size
Jewish populations from all over Europe packed into v limited areas of main polish cities

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8
Q

In Ghettos there was the rapid spread of diseases like hat

A

Typhus and Tuberculosis

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9
Q

What was heating like in ghettos?

A

Limited access to fuel caused hardship and deaths during harsh polish winters

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10
Q

How many died in the Warsaw Ghetto between 1940-42?

A

100 000

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11
Q

Tell me about the Warsaw Ghetto

A

100 000 ppl died in it from 1940-42

It held 500 000 people whilst only being 3.5sq miles in size

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12
Q

How many Jewish people died in Ghettos due to disease, malnutrition and ill treatment?

A

about 450 000

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13
Q

What put 3million Jews under Nazi control?

A

Germany;s rapid victory in Poland autumn 1939

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14
Q

What did Himmler do after the invasion of Poland to the Jews

A

Ordered the deportation of Jews from Northwest Poland to Nazi-occupied Poland

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15
Q

What was Himmler’s role in regards to JEws

A

He was he Reich Commissar for Strengthening the German Race

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16
Q

How many Ghettos did the Nazis establish and where during WW2?

A

Established over 300 ghettoes in Poland, Romania, Czechoclovakia, USSR and Hungary

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17
Q

What did the Jewish Council in Ghettoes have to do

A

manage the ghettoes and decide who was to be deported from ghettoes to extermination camps

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18
Q

Who was the leader of the Warsaw Ghetto and what did he do when put on the Jewish Council?

A

Adam Czerniakow, committed suicide rather than consign others to death

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19
Q

What was the Madagascar Plan of 1940

A

IDea to solve the ‘Jewish question’.

Involved resettling europe’s J pop onto Madagascar Island, essentially making a big ghetto

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20
Q

Why was the Madagascar plan stopped?

A

Royal Navy blocked G’s access to seas

21
Q

When was operation Barbarossa

A

22 June 1941

22
Q

Within 8mts of Op Barbarossa, how many Js murdered?

A

700 000

23
Q

What was a decisive development in the racial war and hastened a more radical approach to the J question?

A

Invasion of Russia that brought millions of Js under Nazi rule

24
Q

What did Heydrich signal to Einsatzgruppen commanders in June 1941?

A

mass killings of Soviet Jews was the prelude to the destruction of European Jewry as a whole

25
Q

When and who to did Heydrich signal that the mass killings of Soviet Jews was a prelude to the destruction of European Jewry?

A

June 1941, Heydrich signalled this to Einsatzgruppen commanders

26
Q

What were the Einsatzgruppen?

A

Mobile killing squads of SS men, numbering 4000

27
Q

What did the Einsatzgruppen do?

A

moved in behind advancing armies, rounding up and executing Jews and communists in mass shootings

28
Q

What was one of the worst Einsatzgruppen atrocities?

A

The massacre of the Ukrainian village Babi Yar in September 1941 where 34 000 Jews were murdered in one week

29
Q

When and what was the Wannsee Conference?

A

January 1942 the Wannsee Conference took place in Berlin, oversaw by Reynhardt Heydrich and attended by 15 leading Nazis who agreed upon plans to exterminate Europe’s 11million Jews

30
Q

Who was Reynhardt Heydrich?

A

Head of the security police and SS

31
Q

When was the solution to the ‘Jewish Question’ decided?

A

Jan 1942 at the Wannsee Conference

32
Q

Who attended the Wannsee conference

A

Reps of the SS, NAzi party and various Reich ministries

33
Q

what were the extermination camps

A

where Jews could be sent to be killed with gas chambers with ovens to destroy the bodies
almost all in Poland and process under Eichmann’s control

34
Q

who gained from J persecution eg.

A

banks and businesses

IG färben which provided the gas Zyklon B for the death camps

35
Q

Why did people not act against anti-semitism (5)

A
  • not believe true art death camps
  • J ppl unpopular w mant Jews
  • fear of Gestapo and SS
  • some gained from J persecution
  • felt powerless
36
Q

Eg. ghetto to death camp

A

Auschwitz expanded to incl a sub-camp Brikenau where gas chambers and crematoria installed

37
Q

Give 3 egs of death camps

A

Treblinka, Sobibor and Chelmo

38
Q

When were first death camps built

A

Spring 1942 though Auschwitz-Birkenau not ready until 1943

39
Q

who and how many died at Auschwitz

A

1million Jews died at Auschwitz as well as 100 000 Roma people

40
Q

Out of the 3million Polish Jews, how many survived WW2?

A

4000

41
Q

How many European Jews died in total

A

6 million

42
Q

Why and when were the death camps forced to close

A

After summer ‘44 often because of inmate revolts or advancing Soviet army

43
Q

What and when did Himmler order to try win a degree of clemency with the Allies

A

November 1944 Himmler ordered an end to the genocide of the Jews and the destruction of gas chambers and crematoria

44
Q

what were ‘death marches’

A

With war entering final stage SS desperately tried to move death camp inmates to more securely held territory

45
Q

Death marches stats

A

Overall 59 death marches, about 50% people who took part in which died

46
Q

What was the most famous death march

A

Auschwitz to Wodzoslav January 1945, 66 000 marched and 25% died en route

47
Q

How many Jews were there in G 1933 vs 1945

A

1933 600 000 js in G
1945 25 000 Js in G
Entire Jewish communities disappeared acrosss Germany and Eastern europe

48
Q

Who was one of the last to speak out an=gainst anti-semitism

A

Pastor Martin Niemoller

History AS1 (18 decks)

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