Anti-Semitism in Nazi G 1933-39 Flashcards
Anti-semitism had been common since the
middle ages
Where did Hitler expound his Jewish hatred
Mein Kampf
According to Hitler, what was communism?
A Jewish-Bolshevik conspiracy
According to Hitler, what problems were Jews responsible for? (2)
- invention of communism
- loss of WW1
What was Social Darwinism?
Certain races of humans naturally dominate over others
Why were Nazis jealous at Jewish wealth and position? (stats)
Jews 1% population, but…
- 17% G’s lawyers
- 16% bankers
What % Germany’s lawyers did Jews make up?
17%
What % Germany’s bankers did Jews make up?
16%
What was cumulative radicalisation in Nazi Germany?
The process of anti-semitic policies progressing slowly and increasingly becoming more radical
What was cumulative radicalisation otherwise known as?
Gradualism
When was the one-day boycott of Jewish businesses?
1 April 1933
Who organised the one-day Boycott of J businesses
Goebbels
How was the one day boycott of J shops ineffective
Limited response
Not universally accepted by G ppl. Some cont shopping Jewish shops to show disapproval
Bad publicity abroad
Who was against the one day boycott of J shops w/in the govt?
Influential conservatives such as Schacht, who thought it would have a detrimental effect on the economy
How did the SA help harass Jews?
used their power at a local level to use violence against thE Hews via damage to their property, violent attacks and intimidation
what anti-semitic policy opened on 7 April 1933?
‘Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service’ which excluded Jews from the Civil service
What anti-semitic policy was intro 22 April 1933?
A law that banned Jewish doctors from working in the state healthcare system
What anti-semitic policy occurred on the 25 April 1933?
A law restricting the number of Jewish students at a school or university to 5%
what anti-semitic policy occurred on the 4 October 1933
Law for the exclusion of Jewish Journalists
When was the Law for the restoration of the civil service implemented?
7 April 1933
When was the law banning Jewish doctors from working n state healthcare system implemented?
22 April 1933
When was the law for the exclusion of Jewish Journalists implemented?
4 October 1933
When was the law restricting the no J students at a school or university passed?
25 April 1933
What was the impact of the ‘Hindenburg Clause’? (stats)
75% Jewish doctors remained in positions
70% Jewish lawyers remained in positions
When were the Nuremberg Laws announced?
15 September 1935
How were the Nuremberg Laws a key tp in anti-semitism?
Formalised anti-semitism, depriving Jews of political, legal, biological and civil rights
What two laws were included in the Nuremberg Laws?
- ‘Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour’
- ‘Reich Citizenship Law’
What was the ‘Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour’?
Biological discrimination, forbidding marriage and extra-marital affairs between Germans and Jewish people
What was the ‘Reich Citizenship Law’?
Denial of Jewish civil rights and defining Jews as ‘subjects’ rather than citizens of Germany
In what way (stat) did the Nuremberg Laws fail?
Despite stipulations against mixed relats, only 7$ couples actually divorced
How would one class a Jew?
Someone with three or more Jewish Grandparents
Men applying to the SS had to prove aryan ancestry back to ——
1650
From the start of the Nazi regime, influential or wealthy Js left G voluntarily to go to places like…
Palestine, Britain and the USA
Who suggested that Jews should wear an identity badge?
SS Deputy Heydrich
When did Jewish identity badges come into force?
1941 ish
What event in 1938 incorporated 200 000 more Jews into the REich
Anschluss w Austria
How many more Jews did the Anschluss w Austria incorporate into the Reich
200 000
What office was established to promote Jewish emigration?
Reich Central Office for Jewish Emigration
When and where was the Central Office for J emigration first set up?
In Vienna Jan 1939
Who set up the REich Central Office for Emigration?
Jewish Expert Adolf Eichmann and Reynhardt Heydrich
Within 6mts, the rEich Central Office for J Emigration in Vienna had forced out—-
25% Austria’s Jews
A similar Office for J immigration set up in Berlin when
Feb 1939
What did the SS set up to organise all Jewish organisations in emigration plans?
Reich Association
By —– the SS directed Nazi Jewish policy
1939
What was Goebbels anti-semitic aims?
Set out to indoctrinate Gs in anti-semitism
AS posters and signs put up such as —–
‘Jews are not wanted here’
How graphic was ‘The Eternal Jew’
people fainted on watching
What was Goebbels newspaper called?
‘Der Angriff’ (the attack)
what was newspaper ‘Der Angriff’ used for
attack Jews
Who edited the newspaper Der Sturmer
Julius Streicher
What kind of content was in Der Streicher?
openly anti-semitic w seedy range of articles devoted to pornography and violence
What did Goebbels help orchestrate in his campaign against ‘Jewish Intellectualism’?
May 1933 in Berlin, Public Book Burning of 20 000 books which were the works of Jewish and Communist authors
When was Kristallnacht?
9-10 November 1938
What triggered Kristallnacht?
the murder of a German Embassy Official in Paris 7 Nov 1938 by a Jewish Youth
What was Kristallnacht?
A violent pogrom conducted by the Nazis against the Jews
What was Goebbels motivation for orchestrating the response by the SS?
wanted to win back HItler’s favour after his disreputable affair with a Czech Waitress
How many Jewish businesses were destroyed in Kristallnacht?
over 8000
How many synagogues were burnt down during Kristallnacht?
400
How many Jewish Shops burnt down over Kristallnacht?
7500
How many Jews were arrested as a consequence of Kristallnacht?
20 000 and placed in conc camps
How many Jews killed in Kristallnacht?
91
What recriminations w/in Nazi leadership did Kristallnacht have?
Goring angered by its impact on his aryanisation policy and called a conference on Jewish policy
How large of a fine did Goring call to be paid for by Jews for damage sustained during Kristallnacht?
1 Billion Reichmarks
What further (broad) law did Goring implement after Kristallnacht
one excluding Jews from economic life
Despite widespread intimidation, still 40 000 J businesses left in G by
April 1938
What decree did Goring pass April 1938
Decree for the Registration of Jewish Property meant that all J property worth over 5000 Reichmarls had to be registered and couldn’t be sold or leased w/out govt permission
What anti-semitic policy passed in June 1938? It soon extended to…
Jewish doctors prohibited from treating German patients. This soon extended to Jewish lawyers, vets and dentists
