Creation of the Nazi Dictatorship 1933-34 Flashcards
Why did Hitler persuade Hburg to hold further elections March 1933
Although Nazis largest party still not overall majority and only 3/12 cabinet members Nazis
What was the consequences of the LPPS
- govt gained powers to suspend civil liberties guaranteed in the Constitution such as freedom of assembly
- Nazis could appoint local police chiefs
How did Nazis use the SA and SS
to ban or disrupt other parties meetings and intimidate opponents
What happened with protective custody?
Nazis could arrest enemies and put them into ‘protective custody’ sending them to concentration camps like Dachau
About 4000 commies put into PC
How did the Nazis do in the 5th March 1933 elections?
Got 288/647 sets so 43.9% vote. Not 2/3 majority Hitler needed
what was the voter turn-out in the 5th March 1933 elections
88.8%, record-breaking
How many seats did the SPD get in the 5th March 1933 elections?
120
How many seats did the KPD win in the 5th march 1933 elections?
81
Who was Ludwig Kaas?
Centre Party Chairman who made a deal with hitler
What agreement with Hitler did Ludwig Kaas make?
ZP would support the enabling act in exchange for the Nazis not interfering in Catholic Church affairs
94 SPD deputies voted against the enabling act inspite of what?
Huge SA intimidation at Kroll Opera House
How many SPD deputies voted against the enabling act?
94
when was a the enabling act passed?
24 March 1933
How many votes was the Enabling Act passed by?
444 to 94 votes
What was the official title for the enabling act?
‘Law for Terminating the Suffering of the People and the Nation’
What powers did the enabling act give?
Gave the govt emergency powers for four years and enabled Hitler to rule by decree w/out the consent of the Rstag or the President
Powers to suspend Weimar guarantee of individual rights
What was the aims of gleihschaltung?
To control all key aspects of society and control and co-ordinate every aspect of German life
What happened on the 31 March 1933
Nazis dissolved the lander (regional states) parliaments and replaced them with Nazi majorities
7 April 1933
Nazis created Gauleiters, which were Reich Governors w full powers to execute the will of the supreme leadership of the Reich (ie. Hitler)
What Law was intro Jan 1934
‘Law for the Reconstruction fo the Reich’ which strengthened and centralised Nazi control by abolishing regional parliaments and the Reichsrat
What happened the 2nd May 1933
Trade Unions banned and DAF ( German Labour Front) created
What law was introduced on the 14 July 1933
‘Law against the Creation of New Parties’ created a one party state and abolished or wound up all other parties
When did the Nazis dissolve the lander (regional parliaments) and replace them with Nazi majorities?
31 March 1933
When did Nazis create Gauleiters?
7 April 1933
When was the ‘LAw for the Reconstruction of the Reich’ which abolished lander and the reichsrat?
January 1934
When were Trade Unions banned and replaced with the DAF?
2nd MAy 1933
WHen was the ‘Law against the Creation of New Parties’ passed?
14 July 1933
When were the SPD banned?
22 June 1934
Who was put in concentration camps?
1000s political prisoners and undesired people such as homosexuals, gypsies, Jew, the workshy and asocials.
When was the first concentration camp, Dachau, established?
March 1933
According to a plebiscite, how many endorsed the one-party sate?
90%
What does the removal of political opposition “from below” mean?
Via intimidation and violence by the SA
SA murdered about 500 people in 1933
What dos the removal of political opposition “from above” mean?
Nazis control of the state
Violence especially was used by the Nazis in which cities?
Berlin, Brunswick and Stettin
What 3 orgs did Gleichschaltung have a limited impact on?
Churches, the army and big businesses
when did the Naxis win 92% of the vote?
November 1933
What did Bullock call the creation of the Nazi dictatorship?
“a symbiosis of legality and terror”
Why was hitler embarrassed about the crude exploits of the SA?
He needed the support of Industrialists and the army
Why was Ernst Rohm frustrated w Nazism?
Frustrated at Hitler’s unwillingness for a second revolution and the likelihood of the SAnot getting a higher status in Nazism
What did Rohm want?
Greater social and economic reforms and the creation of a ‘People’s Army’ via a merging of the SA and the army
Rohm became the figurehead of…..
the anti-capitalist and left wing of Nazi party membership
How was the army a threat to Hitler?
Only org that could unseat Hitler from power and Hitler want support of army to strengthen his rule and implement foreign policies
What deal did Hitler strike with General von Blomberg?
Eliminate SA danger in return for the presidency?
Who was General von Blomberg?
The minister of Defence
How many NoLK victims were there?
90 incl 50 SA leaders
When did President Hburg die
2nd August 1934
Hitler merged the chancellor ship and the President in what law?
‘Law concerning the Head of State of the German Reich’
What was the trigger for the NoLK
Von Papen’s speech criticising the excesses of the SA
When was the Night of the Long Knives?
30 June 1934
How was the NOLK carried out
Carried out by SS but army provided transport and weapons
When did the army pledge their oath of allegiance to Hitler?
2o August
When was the plebiscite approving the NoLK
January 1935
Within how long did Hitler remove threats and become Fuhrer?
18mts
