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Consequences Of War For G ppl Flashcards

1
Q

When were ration cards printed

A

1937

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2
Q

When was food rationing introduced

A

1939

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3
Q

What was rationed in Oct 1939

A

Clothes and shoes

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4
Q

what luxuries were banned

A

Chocolate and whipped cream.

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5
Q

1939 meat ration

A

750g pw as G dependant on imports of meat and dairy products such as fodder

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6
Q

No serious rationing from 39-41 because..

A

Regime careful not to alienate civilian population and nazis focused on keeping mora,e high

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7
Q

Food imports stopped after

A

Operation Barbarossa

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8
Q

By ——- parks and gardens in major cities turned into veg allotments

A

1942

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9
Q

turning point

A

1942

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10
Q

when and where did G ppl consume some wildlife

A

1943 Berlin Zoo when it was bombed

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11
Q

food supplies v precarious

A

Autumn 1944

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12
Q

1945 meat ration

A

250g pw

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13
Q

Up until 1944 rations about —% above minimum calorific standard

A

10

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14
Q

start of war public mood

A

reluctant loyalty and hope of quick war. Euphoria rapid victories 1940-41

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15
Q

German people encouraged to…

A

Work harder, save fuel and do all possible to support war effort

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16
Q

‘Winter Aid’ 1941-42

A

Practical propaganda campaign that provided 1.5 million furs and 6.7mil garments for army

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17
Q

Kolberg- released Jan 1945

A

showed heroic resistance of Germans to Napoleon. Cost 5 billion marks and took 187000 soldiers for extras. No budget cuts to propaganda

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18
Q

Frankfurter Zeitung

A

Newspaper that was closed down in 1943 for spreading bad news. No negative press headlines were allowed.

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19
Q

Goebbels’ personal propaganda efforts (4)

A
  • He organized increased rations for G civilians during Christmas
  • V respected for Total war sportspalast speech of 1943
  • He visited bombed areas
  • created more feel-good movies in 1943
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20
Q

————- and ——- payments for workers reintro to boost morale and productivity

A

Bonus and overtime

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21
Q

Aims of ministry of propaganda and enlightenment

A

Maintain morale and continue effective indoctrination of G ppl

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22
Q

German surrender at Stalingrad

A

Feb 1943. Shocking to G ppl as G propaganda had presented as Germany winning even when G 6th army was surrounded and slowly destroyed. V damagaing to goebbels reputation as military defeat for Wehrmacht. Strategic disaster and blow to confidence

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23
Q

Germans secretly listened to the BBC

A

under threat of persecution. Became obvious that info from Goebbels ministry had gaps and not entirely accurate. Last few months war, people cynical of official news

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24
Q

Volkssturm

A

People encourage to join post 44. Poorly equppied, manned and trained

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25
Goebbels attempt to rejuvenate moral 1944
Talk of a secret weapon to retaliate allied bombing
26
British intelligence reports early 1943 on morale
While wealthier Germans begun to accept that Germanys defeat was probable, this view wasn’t widespread. Not until end of war that morale collapsed.
27
Before 1942, lil disruption from Allied bombing as the RAF…
Unable to strike targets effectively. More casualties by road accidents in black outs than by bombing.
28
Reich Association for Air-raid Precautions
Formed 1933 and org a network of air-raid wardens. Built shelters and assigned bunker mothers, women who kept order in bunkers during raids.
29
First Allied bombing on G
Sep 1940 on Berlin
30
1940 ——- evacuated from ——-
2 million children evacuated from northern and western germany
31
effect of Allied bombing on Morale
Brought the horrors of war to the G people. Lowered morale of people.
32
when did the US enter the war and effect
December 1941. As war continued, superior aircraft available to allies and sustained bombing campaign began after US joined. By 1943, USAAF bombed at day and RAF at night.
33
Allied bombing of Cologne
30 May 1942 Allies dropped 1000lbs of bombs on Cologne, destroying 45000 homes and killing about 500 people. But industrial production back to normal in two weeks.
34
Allied targeting residential areas
Started by May 1942. About 410 000 civilians killed in Allied air raids and millions became homeless. 61 cities and also small towns targeted during carpet bombing. June 1943 regular, large-scale bombing of cities.
35
Industrial areas where were the first to become vulnerable
The Rhineland, the Ruhr and places close to the coast. Hamburg was reduced to 10% industrial capability. Slowed down munition production.
36
Air raids on Berlin
363 air raids on Berlin and a third of Berlin houses uninhabitable
37
How many killed in Allied bombing during the war
About 410 000
38
Incendiary bombing by end war and Dresden
2 devastating fire bombings in Dresden Feb 1945 and Dresden Feb 1943 3900 tonnes of bombs dropped in 4 raids. Up to 25 000 killed. Dresden a significant transport hub and Nazi stronghold but no military significance and lightly defended.
39
As the Allies took over bases closer to Germany
Raids intensified 1944-45
40
How many missions and bombs did The allied airforces unleash on Germany
1.4mil missions and 2.7million tonnes of bombs
41
Hitler ordered major economic mobilization and G military doubled from… But…
1939-41 but actual production of weapons disappointing and major deficiencies of war materials eg invasion USSR 1941 had a third of troops I’ll-equipped
42
Skilled armaments workers exempt from conscription via Speer’s
Special priority rating
43
Labour force 1939 vs 1944
39.1 million 1939 vs 30.4 million 1944
44
Labour ‘comb-through’ exercise
Identified men who could be released from unemployment and conscripted
45
% of women in workplace 1939 vs 1944
1939 37.4% | 1944 41.5%
46
What is estimated to have cost the Nazis 3mil reinforcements against the USSR
Speers estimated that Nazis reluctance to put women in the workplace did this as 3 mil men had to stay behind in factories that could’ve been conscripted
47
womens call to work
1943, 3mil women called to work but only 1mil answered
48
Which ministry and when pushed for comprehensive conscription of women but refrained due to unpopularity
Spring 1940 the Reich Labour Ministry
49
Employees from ———- transferred to war work
Small businesses in nonessential trades
50
Increased use of Hitler Youth after invasion of Germany
Compulsory membership 1939, even stronger focus on militaru\ism intro to Youth. HY collected scrap metal from houses and an increasing number of teenagers used for defence work such as manning aircraft batteries and helping operate factories. Youth not avoid increasing demands of war.
51
Minimum Age of military service Germany
Reduced to 17 in 1943 and then to 16 in 1945
52
By end 1940 how many POWs and foreign workers were there in Germany?
800 000 POWs and about 2million foreign workers. About 21% of Germany’s workforce, despite Nazi racial contempt. Many Nazis found this unpalatable and a last resort.
53
Hierarchy of foreign workers’ nationalities and race
Ranging from France and Belgium at the top to slave labourers from Slavic countries
54
1944 how many foreign workers in Germany
8 million, they freed men to fight but problems with loyalty and. Language.
55
140 to spring 1942 where were volunteer foreign workers from
Occupied western countries
56
Fritz Sauckel’s decree Aug 1941
Compulsory labour decree for all occupied territories
57
When was the labour shortage issue made easier
After 1939 when much of Eastern Europe was under Nazi v]control
58
What did Hitler decree Oct 1941
oct 41 Hitler decreed Russian POWs could be used as slave labour
59
What were POW work camps like to boost war production and help G war effort
Notoriously prisoners forced to work in appalling conditions and suffered malnutrition, hypothermia and torture. 3mil soviet POWs out of 5.7 taken prisoner were allowed to freeze and die. Soviet soldiers would use any means necessary to evade capture.
60
Incentives for Prisoners of War
Incentives like more wages and rations for civilian workers not applied to POWs or soviets, who were subject to brutal discipline. This led to sabotage and noncompliance, 1944 Sauckel gave them some rations but these not always adhered to.
61
When was there a large increase in POWs?
Post-invasion Russia June 1941
62
Describe successes of Blitzkrieg up to not incl France
Early success against Poland in 1939, and then quick defeats of Denmark, Holland, Norway and Belgium in Spring 1940 were a huge boost to morale for many G ppl, despite caution at outbreak of war.
63
What left Germany as masters of Europe?
Fall of France June 1940
64
When did Hitler defeat France?
June 1940
65
Why did Hitler receive a hero’s welcome?
He had conquered France

History AS1 (18 decks)

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