Jen ch 49

Question 1

kinesthetc

Answer 1

sense that enables person to be aware of the position and movement of the body parts w/o seeing them

Question 2

stereognosis

Answer 2

sense that allows a person to recognize the size, shape, and texture of an object.

Question 3

ability to speak

Answer 3

not a sense but can impact person’s ability to communicate

Question 4

ear function

Answer 4

transmits accurate patter of all sounds to brain, intensity of the sounds, and direction they come from

Question 5

two ears provide:

Answer 5

stereophonic to judge sound direction

Question 6

external ear

Answer 6

shelters eardrum and maintains mostly constant tem and humidity to maintain elasticity

Question 7

middle ear

Answer 7

air containing space between eardrum and oval window. contains three small bones (ossicles)

Question 8

ear drum and ossicles

Answer 8

transfer sound to fluid-filled inner ear

Question 9

movement of stapes in oval window

Answer 9

creates vibration in the fluid that bathes membranous labyrinth - contains end organs of hearing and balance

Question 10

union of the vestibular (balance) and cochlear (hearing) portions of the labyrinth

Answer 10

explains the combination of hearing and balance symptoms that occur with inner ear disorders

Question 11

Vibration of the eardrum

Answer 11

transmits through the bony ossicles.

Question 12

Vibrations at the oval window

Answer 12

transmit in perilymph within the inner ear to stimulate hair cells that send impulses along the eighth cranial nerve to the brain

Question 13

function of the eye

Answer 13

transmits accurate pattern of light, to the brain, that is reflected from solid objects in the environ. and becomes transformed into color hue

Question 14

light rays enter the

Answer 14

convex cornea and begin to converge

Question 15

fine adj. of light rays occurs as they

Answer 15

pass through the pupil and lense

Question 16

change in the shape of the lens

Answer 16

focuses light on the retina

Question 17

retina has pigmented layer of cells to

Answer 17

enhance visual acuity

Question 18

sensory retina contains

Answer 18

rods and cones (photoreceptor cells sensitive to light stimulation)

Question 19

Three components of sensory experience

Answer 19

reception, perception, reaction

Question 20

reception

Answer 20

starts w/ stimulation of nerve cell (receptor) for one type of stimulus, grouped together or found in specialized organs

Question 21

perception

Answer 21

awareness of sensations - depends on region in cerebral cortex - when person becomes conscious of a stimulus

Question 22

reaction

Answer 22

reaction will occur to most meaningful stimuli at the time

Question 23

most common types of sensory alterations

Answer 23

sensory deficits, sensory deprivation, sensory overload

Question 24

sensory deficit

Answer 24

deficit in the nrml fct of sensory reception and perception

Question 25

sensory deprivation and three types

Answer 25

stimulation to one or more of the senses is lacking, resulting in impaired perception 1. sensory input (from visual or hearing) 2. elimination of patterns from input (exposure to strange place) 3. restrictive environments (produce monotony)

Question 26

presbyopia

Answer 26

can't see close things

Question 27

cataract

Answer 27

cloudy areas on lens - interfere with passage of light - glare, blurry

Question 28

dry eyes

Answer 28

too few tears - itching, burning, reduced vision

Question 29

glaucoma

Answer 29

slow increase in interocular pressure - untreated can have peripheral visual loss, decreased visual acuity w/ problem adapting to darkness, halo effect around lights

Question 30

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 30

patho changes in blood vess. of retina - cause decreased vision or loss caused by hemorrhage and macular edema

Question 31

macular degeneration

Answer 31

macula loses ability to fct efficiently - 1st signs blurring in reading, distortion of central vision, distortion of vertical lines

Question 32

presbycusis

Answer 32

progressive hearing disorder in older adults

Question 33

dizziness and disequilibrium

Answer 33

common in older adults - usually from vestibular dysfct. Change in position of head cause vertigo

Question 34

xerostomia

Answer 34

decrease in saliva production, interferes with ability to eat

Question 35

peripheral neuropathy

Answer 35

disorder of periph. sys. - symptoms include numbness and tingling and stumbling gait

Question 36

stroke

Answer 36

cerebrovascular accident cuased by clot/hemorrhage/or emboli stopping blood flow to brain

Question 37

left hemisphere stroke

Answer 37

symptoms on right side affect speech

Question 38

right hemisphere stroke

Answer 38

symptoms on left side, visual spatial alterations

Question 39

cognitive effects of sensory deprivation

Answer 39

``` Reduced capacity to learn Inability to think or problem solve Poor task performance Disorientation Bizarre thinking Increased need for socialization, altered mechanisms of attention ```

Question 40

affective effects of sensory deprivation

Answer 40

``` Boredom Restlessness Increased anxiety Emotional lability Panic Increased need for physical stimulation ```

Question 41

perceptual effects of sensory deprivation

Answer 41

``` Changes in visual/motor coordination Reduced color perception Less tactile accuracy Changes in ability to perceive size and shape Changes in spatial and time judgment ```

Question 42

sensory overload

Answer 42

person receives multiple sensory stimuli and cannot perceptually disregard or selectively ignore some stimuli - acutely ill easily experiences

Question 43

symptoms of sensory overload

Answer 43

racing thoughts, scattered attention, restlessness, anxiety

Question 44

presbyopia usually occurs

Answer 44

from ages 40 to 50

Question 45

normal visual changes assoc. w/ aging

Answer 45

reduced visual fields, increased glare sensitivity, impaired night vision, reduced depth perception, reduced color discrimination

Question 46

hearing changes begin:

Answer 46

at age 30

Question 47

normal hearing changes assoc, w/ aging

Answer 47

decreased hearing acuity, speech intelligibility, pitch discrimination (Low pitched easier to hear, harder to discriminate consonants, and high-frequency (s, sh, ph, k)

Question 48

gustatory and olfactory changes begin

Answer 48

around age 50 - decrease in taste buds and sensory cells in nasal lining

Question 49

proprioceptive changes common after

Answer 49

60 - increased difficulty w/ balance, spatial orientation, coordination, tactile changes include declining sensitivity to pain, pressure, temp secondary to peripheral vascular disease and neuropathies

Question 50

factors influencing sensory fct

Answer 50

Age, meaningful stimuli, amount of stimuli, social interaction, environmental factors, cultural factors,

Question 51

during assessment in the case of sensory alteration integrate

Answer 51

knowledge of the pathophysiology of sensory deficits, factors that affect sensory function, and therapeutic communication principles

Question 52

otolaryngologist

Answer 52

ENT specialist

Question 53

tinnitus

Answer 53

ringing or buzzing in the ears

Question 54

Global aphasia

Answer 54

inability to understand language and communicate orally

Question 55

strabismus

Answer 55

abnormal alignment of the eyes; the condition of having a squint

Question 56

refractive error

Answer 56

A refractive error, or refraction error, is an error in the focusing of light by the eye and a most common reason for reduced visual acuity

Question 57

conductive hearing loss

Answer 57

hearing loss due to problems with the bones of the middle ear and excessive cerumen

Question 58

hyperesthesia

Answer 58

overly sensitive to tactile stimuli

Question 59

dress which side first when partial paralysis

Answer 59

patient should dress affected side first