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Q1 nursing > Jen ch 49 > Flashcards

Jen ch 49 Flashcards

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1
Q

kinesthetc

A

sense that enables person to be aware of the position and movement of the body parts w/o seeing them

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2
Q

stereognosis

A

sense that allows a person to recognize the size, shape, and texture of an object.

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3
Q

ability to speak

A

not a sense but can impact person’s ability to communicate

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4
Q

ear function

A

transmits accurate patter of all sounds to brain, intensity of the sounds, and direction they come from

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5
Q

two ears provide:

A

stereophonic to judge sound direction

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6
Q

external ear

A

shelters eardrum and maintains mostly constant tem and humidity to maintain elasticity

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7
Q

middle ear

A

air containing space between eardrum and oval window. contains three small bones (ossicles)

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8
Q

ear drum and ossicles

A

transfer sound to fluid-filled inner ear

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9
Q

movement of stapes in oval window

A

creates vibration in the fluid that bathes membranous labyrinth - contains end organs of hearing and balance

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10
Q

union of the vestibular (balance) and cochlear (hearing) portions of the labyrinth

A

explains the combination of hearing and balance symptoms that occur with inner ear disorders

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11
Q

Vibration of the eardrum

A

transmits through the bony ossicles.

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12
Q

Vibrations at the oval window

A

transmit in perilymph within the inner ear to stimulate hair cells that send impulses along the eighth cranial nerve to the brain

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13
Q

function of the eye

A

transmits accurate pattern of light, to the brain, that is reflected from solid objects in the environ. and becomes transformed into color hue

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14
Q

light rays enter the

A

convex cornea and begin to converge

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15
Q

fine adj. of light rays occurs as they

A

pass through the pupil and lense

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16
Q

change in the shape of the lens

A

focuses light on the retina

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17
Q

retina has pigmented layer of cells to

A

enhance visual acuity

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18
Q

sensory retina contains

A

rods and cones (photoreceptor cells sensitive to light stimulation)

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19
Q

Three components of sensory experience

A

reception, perception, reaction

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20
Q

reception

A

starts w/ stimulation of nerve cell (receptor) for one type of stimulus, grouped together or found in specialized organs

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21
Q

perception

A

awareness of sensations - depends on region in cerebral cortex - when person becomes conscious of a stimulus

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22
Q

reaction

A

reaction will occur to most meaningful stimuli at the time

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23
Q

most common types of sensory alterations

A

sensory deficits, sensory deprivation, sensory overload

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24
Q

sensory deficit

A

deficit in the nrml fct of sensory reception and perception

25
Q

sensory deprivation and three types

A

stimulation to one or more of the senses is lacking, resulting in impaired perception

  1. sensory input (from visual or hearing)
  2. elimination of patterns from input (exposure to strange place)
  3. restrictive environments (produce monotony)
26
Q

presbyopia

A

can’t see close things

27
Q

cataract

A

cloudy areas on lens - interfere with passage of light - glare, blurry

28
Q

dry eyes

A

too few tears - itching, burning, reduced vision

29
Q

glaucoma

A

slow increase in interocular pressure - untreated can have peripheral visual loss, decreased visual acuity w/ problem adapting to darkness, halo effect around lights

30
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

patho changes in blood vess. of retina - cause decreased vision or loss caused by hemorrhage and macular edema

31
Q

macular degeneration

A

macula loses ability to fct efficiently - 1st signs blurring in reading, distortion of central vision, distortion of vertical lines

32
Q

presbycusis

A

progressive hearing disorder in older adults

33
Q

dizziness and disequilibrium

A

common in older adults - usually from vestibular dysfct. Change in position of head cause vertigo

34
Q

xerostomia

A

decrease in saliva production, interferes with ability to eat

35
Q

peripheral neuropathy

A

disorder of periph. sys. - symptoms include numbness and tingling and stumbling gait

36
Q

stroke

A

cerebrovascular accident cuased by clot/hemorrhage/or emboli stopping blood flow to brain

37
Q

left hemisphere stroke

A

symptoms on right side affect speech

38
Q

right hemisphere stroke

A

symptoms on left side, visual spatial alterations

39
Q

cognitive effects of sensory deprivation

A 
Reduced capacity to learn
Inability to think or problem solve
Poor task performance
Disorientation
Bizarre thinking
Increased need for socialization, altered mechanisms of attention
40
Q

affective effects of sensory deprivation

A 
Boredom
Restlessness
Increased anxiety
Emotional lability
Panic
Increased need for physical stimulation
41
Q

perceptual effects of sensory deprivation

A 
Changes in visual/motor coordination
Reduced color perception
Less tactile accuracy
Changes in ability to perceive size and shape
Changes in spatial and time judgment
42
Q

sensory overload

A

person receives multiple sensory stimuli and cannot perceptually disregard or selectively ignore some stimuli - acutely ill easily experiences

43
Q

symptoms of sensory overload

A

racing thoughts, scattered attention, restlessness, anxiety

44
Q

presbyopia usually occurs

A

from ages 40 to 50

45
Q

normal visual changes assoc. w/ aging

A

reduced visual fields, increased glare sensitivity, impaired night vision, reduced depth perception, reduced color discrimination

46
Q

hearing changes begin:

A

at age 30

47
Q

normal hearing changes assoc, w/ aging

A

decreased hearing acuity, speech intelligibility, pitch discrimination (Low pitched easier to hear, harder to discriminate consonants, and high-frequency (s, sh, ph, k)

48
Q

gustatory and olfactory changes begin

A

around age 50 - decrease in taste buds and sensory cells in nasal lining

49
Q

proprioceptive changes common after

A

60 - increased difficulty w/ balance, spatial orientation, coordination, tactile changes include declining sensitivity to pain, pressure, temp secondary to peripheral vascular disease and neuropathies

50
Q

factors influencing sensory fct

A

Age, meaningful stimuli, amount of stimuli, social interaction, environmental factors, cultural factors,

51
Q

during assessment in the case of sensory alteration integrate

A

knowledge of the pathophysiology of sensory deficits, factors that affect sensory function, and therapeutic communication principles

52
Q

otolaryngologist

A

ENT specialist

53
Q

tinnitus

A

ringing or buzzing in the ears

54
Q

Global aphasia

A

inability to understand language and communicate orally

55
Q

strabismus

A

abnormal alignment of the eyes; the condition of having a squint

56
Q

refractive error

A

A refractive error, or refraction error, is an error in the focusing of light by the eye and a most common reason for reduced visual acuity

57
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

hearing loss due to problems with the bones of the middle ear and excessive cerumen

58
Q

hyperesthesia

A

overly sensitive to tactile stimuli

59
Q

dress which side first when partial paralysis

A

patient should dress affected side first

Q1 nursing (27 decks)

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