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Q1 nursing > Jen ch 44 > Flashcards

Jen ch 44 Flashcards

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1
Q

food security

A

all members of household have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain healthy lifestyle

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2
Q

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities

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3
Q

resting energy expenditure (REE)

A

energy that individual needs to consume over 24 hrs to maintain all of its internal working activities while at rest

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4
Q

nutrients

A

elements necessary for the normal fct of numerous body processes

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5
Q

nutrient density

A

proportion of essential nutrients to the number of kilo-calories

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6
Q

carbohydrates

A

composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are the main source of energy in the diet (1 gram of carb = 4 kcal) AKA saccharides

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7
Q

monosaccharides and disaccharides

A

simple carbs found primarily in sugars

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8
Q

fiber

A

polysaccharide not broken down by the digestive system

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9
Q

protein

A

essential for building of body tissue in growth, maintenance and repair (4 kcal/g)

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10
Q

amino acid

A

simplest for of protein, hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen

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11
Q

nitrogen balance

A

achieved when the intake and output of nitrogen are equal

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12
Q

lipids

A

composed of triglycerides and fatty acids (9kcal/g)

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13
Q

water

A

makes up 60%-70% of total body weight

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14
Q

vitamins

A

organic substances present in small amounts in foods that are essential to normal metabolism

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15
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K stored in fat

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16
Q

hypervitaminosis

A

megadoses of supplemental vitamins

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17
Q

water-soluble vitamins

A

C and B - the body does not store so need to have in daily food intake

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18
Q

minerals

A

inorganic elements essential to the body as catalysts in biochemical rxns

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19
Q

macrominerals

A

daily requirement is 100 mg or more

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20
Q

microminerals

A

trace elements daily requirement is less than 100 mg

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21
Q

enzymes

A

protein like substances that act as catalysts to speed up chemical rxns

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22
Q

peristalsis

A

wave like muscular contractions

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23
Q

active transport

A

energy dependent

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24
Q

passive diffusion

A

doesn’t need special carrier

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25
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water through a membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations

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26
Q

pinocytosis

A

engulfing of large molecules of nutrients by the absorbing cell when molecule attaches to the absorbing cell membrane

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27
Q

primary site for absorption

A

small intestine

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28
Q

metabolism

A

Aggregate of all chemical processes that take place in living organisms and result in growth, generation of energy, elimination of wastes, and other functions concerned with the distribution of nutrients in the blood after digestion

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29
Q

anabolism

A

Constructive metabolism characterized by conversion of simple substances into more complex compounds of living matter

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30
Q

catabolism

A

Breakdown of body tissue into simpler substances.

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31
Q

ketones

A

All body cells except red blood cells and neurons oxidize fatty acids into ketones for energy when dietary carbohydrates (glucose) are not adequate can cause ketoacidosis

32
Q

glycogenolysis

A

Catabolism of glycogen into glucose, carbon dioxide, and water

33
Q

glycogenesis

A

Anabolism of glucose into glycogen for storage

34
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

Catabolism of amino acids and glycerol into glucose for energy

35
Q

Dietary reference intake (DRI)

A

Information on each vitamin or mineral to reflect a range of minimum-to-maximum amounts that avert deficiency or toxicity.

36
Q

estimated average requirement (EAR)

A

recommended amount of a nutrient that appears sufficient to maintain a specific body function for 50% of the population based on age and gender

37
Q

Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)

A

average needs of 98% of the population, not the exact needs of the individual

38
Q

Adequate Intake (AI)

A

suggested intake for individuals based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of nutrient intakes

39
Q

Upper intake level (UL)

A

highest level that likely poses no risk of adverse health events

40
Q

drug nutrient interactions: acetaminophen (analgesic)

A

decreased drug absorption with food overdose assoc. with liver failure.

41
Q

drug nutrient interactions: aspirin (analgesic)

A

absorbs directly through stomach, decreased drug absorp. w/ food, decreased folic acid, vit C & K, and iron absorp.

42
Q

drug nutrient interactions: aluminum hydroxide (antacid)

A

decreased phospate absorp.

43
Q

drug nutrient interactions: sodium bicarbonate (antacid)

A

decreased folic acid absorption

44
Q

drug nutrient interactions: amiodarone AKA codarone (antiarrhythmic)

A

alters taste

45
Q

drug nutrient interactions: digitalis (antiarrhythmic)

A

anorexia, decreased renal clearance in elderly

46
Q

drug nutrient interactions: penicillin (antibiotic)

A

Decreased drug absorp w/ food, taste altered

47
Q

drug nutrient interactions: cephalosporin (antibiotic)

A

decreased vit K

48
Q

drug nutrient interactions: rifampin AKA rifadin (antibiotic)

A

decreased vit B6, niacin, vit D

49
Q

drug nutrient interactions: tetracycline (antibiotic)

A

decreased drug absorp w/ milk, antacids: decrease nutrient absorp of Ca, riboflavin, vit C

50
Q

drug nutrient interactions: trimethoprim AKA sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic)

A

decreased folic acid

51
Q

drug nutrient interactions: warfarin/coumadin (anticoagulant)

A

antagonist to vit K

52
Q

drug nutrient interactions: carbamezopine/tegretol (anticonvulsant)

A

increased drug absorp w/ food

53
Q

drug nutrient interactions: phenytoin (Dilantin) (anticonvulsant)

A

decreased Ca absorp, decreased Vit D, K and folic acid, taste altered, decreased drug absopr w/ food

54
Q

drug nutrient interactions: Amitriptyline (antidepressant)

A

appetite stimulant

55
Q

drug nutrient interactions: Clomipramine (Anafranil) (antidepressant)

A

taste altered, appetite stimulant

56
Q

drug nutrient interactions: Fluoxetine (Prozac) SSRI (antidepressant)

A

taste alteration, anorexia

57
Q

drug nutrient interactions: captopril (Capoten) (anti-hypertensive)

A

taste altered, anorexia

58
Q

drug nutrient interactions: hydralazine (anti-hypertensive)

A

enhanced drug absorp w/ food, decreased vit B6

59
Q

drug nutrient interactions: labetalol (normodyne) (anti-hypertensive)

A

taste altered, weight gain for all beta blockers

60
Q

drug nutrient interactions: methyldopa (anti-hypertensive)

A

decreased vit B12, folic acid, iron

61
Q

drug nutrient interactions: all steroids (anti-inflammatory)

A

increased appetite and weight, increased folic acid, decreased Ca, (osteoporosis w/ long term use) promotes gluconeogenesis of protein

62
Q

drug nutrient interactions: Le vodopa (Dopar) (antiparkinson)

A

taste altered, decreased B6 and drug absorp w/ food

63
Q

drug nutrient interactions: Chlorpromazine (anti-psychotic)

A

increased appetite

64
Q

drug nutrient interactions: thiothixene (anti-psychotic)

A

decreased riboflavin, increased need

65
Q

drug nutrient interactions: albuterol sulfate (bronchodilator)

A

appetite stimulant

66
Q

drug nutrient interactions: theophylline (bronchodilator)

A

anorexia

67
Q

drug nutrient interactions: cholestyramine (prevalite) (cholesterol lowering)

A

decreased fat sol. vit A, D, E, K, & B12 and iron

68
Q

drug nutrient interactions: furosemide (lasix) (diuretic)

A

decreased drug absorp w/ food

69
Q

drug nutrient interactions: spironolactone (aldactone) (diuretic)

A

increase drug absorp w/ food

70
Q

drug nutrient interactions: thiazides (diuretic)

A

decreased magnesium, zinc and potassium

71
Q

drug nutrient interactions: mineral oil (laxative)

A

decreased absorp of fat-sol. vit A, D, E, K and carotene

72
Q

drug nutrient interactions: dipyridamole (persantine) (platelet aggregate inhibitor)

A

decreased drug absorp w/ food

73
Q

drug nutrient interactions: potassium chloride (potassium replacement)

A

decreased vit B12

74
Q

drug nutrient interactions: benzodiasepines (tranquilizer)

A

increased appetite

75
Q

lactose intolerance is higher in which ethnic groups?

A

Asian-pacific, African and African-American, Native American, Mexican American, Middle Eastern. incidences lowest in caucasian

Q1 nursing (27 decks)

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