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Q1 nursing > Jen ch 28 > Flashcards

Jen ch 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

Invasive procedure

A

Centers for Medicare/Medicaid Services defines as: operative procedures in which skin or mucous membranes and connective tissue are incised, or an instrument is introduced through a natural body orifice.

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2
Q

infection

A

Invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms that reproduce and multiply

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3
Q

pathogens

A

microorganisms capable of producing disease

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4
Q

microorganisms

A

microscopic entities such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi that are capable of carrying on living processes

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5
Q

Colonization

A

presence and multiplication of microorganisms w/o tissue invasion or damage

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6
Q

infection

A

results only of pathogens multiply and alter normal tissue funtion

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7
Q

communicable disease

A

disease that can be transmitted directly from one person to another

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8
Q

symptomatic

A

pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms

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9
Q

asymptomatic

A

clinical signs and symptoms are not present

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10
Q

for infection to occur need all of the following elements (chain of infection):

A
  • An infectious agent or pathogen
  • A reservoir or source for pathogen growth
  • A port of exit from the reservoir
  • A mode of transmission
  • A port of entry to a host
  • A susceptible host
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11
Q

virulence

A

ability to produce disease; their ability to enter and survive in the host; and the susceptibility of the host

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12
Q

immunucompromised

A

has an impaired immune system

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13
Q

resevoir

A

a place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to a susceptible host

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14
Q

HAIs

A

Health-care associated infections

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15
Q

To thrive,organisms need:

A

Food, oxygen, water, temperature, pH and light

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16
Q

Aerobic bacteria vs anaerobic bacteria

A

aerobic need oxygen to survive and multiply and cause more infections than anaerobic. anaerobic thrive where little or no free oxygen is available - infections in the pleural cavity, in a joint, or in a deep sinus tract are caused by anaerobes

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17
Q

escherichia coli

A

reservoir: colon
Causes: gastroenteritis, UTI

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18
Q

staphylococcus aureus

A

reservoir: skin, hair, anterior nares, mouth
causes: wound infection, pneumonia, food poisoning, cellulitis

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19
Q

Streptococcus A

A

reservoir: oropharynx, skin, periannal area
causes: Strep throat, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, impetigo, wound infection

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20
Q

Streptococcus B

A

reservoir: adult genitalia
causes: UTI, wound infection, postpartum sepsis, neonatal sepsis

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21
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

reservoir: droplet nuclei from lungs and larynx
causes: TB

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22
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoae

A

reservoir: genitourinary tract, rectum, mouth
Causes: gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, infectious arthritis, conjuntctivitis

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23
Q

rickettsiarickettsii

A

reservoir: wood tick
causes: Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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24
Q

staphylococcus epidermis

A

reservoir: skin
causes: wound infection, bacteremia

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25
Q

Hep A virus

A

reservoir: feces

causes Hep A

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26
Q

Hep B virus

A

reservoir: blood and certain body fluids, sexual contact

causes Hep B

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27
Q

Hep C virus

A

reservoir: blood and certain body fluids, sexual contact

causes Hep C

28
Q

Herpes simplex virus

A

reservoir: lesion of mouth or skin, saliva, genitalia
causes: Cold sores, aseptic meningitis, STD, herpetic whitlow

29
Q

Human immunodeficiency virus

A

reservoirs: blood, semen, vaginal secretions via sexual contact
Causes: Acquired immunodeficiency

30
Q

aspergillus organisms

A

reservoir: mouth, skin, colon, genital tract, soil, dust (Is a fungus

31
Q

candida albicans

A

reservoir: mouth, skin, colon, genital tract (Is fungus)
causes: candidiasis, pneumonia, sepsis

32
Q

Plasmodium falciparum

A

reservoir: blood
causes: malaria

33
Q

ideal temp for most human pathogens

A

20 to 43 celsius.68 to 109 farenheit

34
Q

bacteriostasis

A

reproduction of bacteria

35
Q

bactericidal

A

destruction of bacteria

36
Q

pH range most organisms prefer

A

5.0 to 7.0

37
Q

ports of exit

A

blood, skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, transplacental

38
Q

Modes of transmission

A

Direct, indirect, droplet, airborne, vehicles, vectors

39
Q

Infection by stage

A

Incubation, prodromal, illness, convalescence

40
Q

incubation

A

interval between entrance of pathogen and appearance of symptoms

41
Q

prodromal

A

interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to more specific symptoms

42
Q

Illness

A

interval when patient manifest sign and symptoms specific to infection

43
Q

convalescence

A

interval when acute symptoms of infection are gone

44
Q

major route of transmission for pathogens

A

unwashed hands

45
Q

susceptibility depends on

A

individual’s degree of resistance to pathogens

46
Q

localized infection

A

specific area infected

47
Q

systemic infection

A

affects entire body

48
Q

normal defense mechanisms against infection

A

Skin (intact surface, shedding of cells, sebum), mouth (saliva, mucosa), eye (blinking and tearing), resp tract (cilia and mucus, macrophages), urinary tract (flushing action of urine, intact skin), GI tract (acidity of secretions, rapid peristalsis), Vagina (normal flora cause secretions with low pH.)

49
Q

suprainfection

A

happens when broad spectrum antibiotics kill normal flora, not just those causing infection,

50
Q

inflammation

A

protective vascular reaction that delivers fluid, blood products, and nutrients to area of injury

51
Q

exudates

A

fluid and cells discharged from cells or blood vessels

52
Q

phagocytosis

A

process that involves the destruction and absorption of bacteria

53
Q

leukocytosis

A

increase in the number if circulating WBCs

54
Q

normal count of WBCs

A

5,000 to 10,000

55
Q

fever is caused by

A

phagocytic release of pyrogens from bacterial cells which cause a rise in the hypothalamic set point.

56
Q

serous exudate

A

clear like plasma

57
Q

sanguineous exudate

A

containing RBCs

58
Q

purulent exudate

A

containing WBCs and bacteria

59
Q

exudate usually cleared away

A

through lymphatic sys

60
Q

granulation tissue

A

Soft, pink, fleshy projections of tissue that form during the healing process in a wound not healing by primary intention

61
Q

Iatrogenic infections

A

type of HAI from diagnostic or therapeutic procedure

62
Q

exogenous infection

A

comes from microorganisms found outside the individual

63
Q

endogenous infection

A

occurs when patient’s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results

64
Q

immune senescence

A

age related decline in immune sys

65
Q

factors influencing infection prevention and control

A

age, nutritional status, stress, disease process

Q1 nursing (27 decks)

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