Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MRCS - Part A > Jan 2023 Recalls > Flashcards

Jan 2023 Recalls Flashcards

1
Q

What is the half life of platelets?

A

7-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A bullet is shot at the right side of the rectus muscle where is meets the right costal margin, which organ is most likely affected?

A

Gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are paneth cells located?

A

Crypt of Lieberkuhn - small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Effect of respiratory depression on ABG?

A

Respiratory acidosis due to hypoventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What acquired bleeding disorder occurs with warfarin?

A

Prothrombin deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A female with rheumatoid arthritis and asthma is on Prednisolone 10mg BD and Salbutamol. Comes into hospital unwell with fever and vomiting. They are hypotensive. What medication do you need to consider giving?

A

Hydrocortisone 100mg IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Features of aortic sclerosis

A

Ejection systolic murmur - no radiation to carotids
Diagnosed on ECHO - thickening and calcification of aortic valve leaflets, no motion restriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Child is tired and breathless after playing football. Harsh continuous murmur heard under left clavicle. What is the problem?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus - machinery continuous murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primigravida, 24 years old. Third trimester. Father died of MI at 60. Presents with sudden chest tightness, cyanotic with congested neck veins. What is the cause?

A

Acute massive PE

Causes right heart strain, hence the congested neck veins.
Cyanotic due to hypoxia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which medication would you choose to sedate a hypotensive patient for intubation if on a helicopter?

A

Ketamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

10 days after an anterior resection, a patient developed SOB and cough. ECG was normal. Which initial investigation should you do?

A

Apparently the answer was CTPA, although I would do CXR first.

?weird wording

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why will a patient have high K, low urine output and raised creatinine after abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery?

A

AKI
Needs fluids, stop nephrotoxic drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Features of testicular torsion eg sudden onset scrotal pain, testis elevated and tender, absent cremasteric reflex whilst eating. What do you do?

A

Immediate exploration under GA - RSI.

Do not wait 6 hours to be fasted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

After abdominal aortic aneurysm repair a patient has increased ventilatory demand, a pulmonary artery wedge pressure 20, dilated neck veins and low BP. CXR shows bilateral lung opacities. What is the diagnosis?

A

Pulmonary oedema

Pulmonary artery wedge pressure - normal range 6-12, is also known as pulmonary artery occlusion pressure. It is an indirect way of measuring left atrial pressure and the gold standard for diagnosis of acute pulmonary oedema.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What would you expect to see on a post splenectomy blood film at 1 week?

A

Howell-Jolly bodies
Target cells
Pappenheimer bodies
Acanthocytes
RBC pitting
Thrombocytosis

Transiently raised WCC- if still raised after 5 days then think of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pretibial flap injury 6x2cm. Periosteum is intact but edges cannot be approximated. What is the management?

A

Definitely Split thickness skin graft

I think the lacerated flap needs excising first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is seen on histology for amyloidosis?

A

When stained with congo red, it appears apple green birefringence in polarized light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the choice of anaesthetic drug for a biers block?

A

Prilocaine 0.5%

An amide local anaesthetic
Slightly less cardiotoxic than bupivicaine and lidocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mother of 3 children, came with pruritus ani, scotch tape showed eggs. What is causative organism?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Patient presenting with bloody diarrhoea. Stool shows both eggs and cysts. Given the diagnosis, what is the treatment?

A

It is either giardia or cryptosporidium

Both are treated with metronidazole.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Knee injured during football match, can’t continue playing. Immobilised for one week. After one week, tender swelling
2.5cm above knee medial joint line and excessive lateral angulation of knee compared to the other one. Which ligament is damaged?

A

Medial collateral ligament

Lateral angulation = Valgus deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A patient has had a thumb cast on for 4 weeks for an undisplaced fracture. When cast is removed the patient is unable to lift thumb off the table and patient can’t extend IPJ even after stabilising thumb CM joint. What is damaged?

A

Extensor pollicis longus tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which part of the scaphoid is at risk of avascular necrosis?

A

Proximal pole

Preiser’s Disease
Scaphoid blood supply is dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery via retrograde flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which spaces are usually involved with Ludwig’s angina?

A

Submandibular, sublingual and submental.

Ludwigs angina is cellulitis of he floor of the mouth.
It presents with pain on moving tongue, difficulty swallowing saliva, pain on opening mouth.
Often requires surgical drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Patient is experiencing pain 10 years post mid tarsal dislocation. What is the cause?

A

Secondary arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Patient involved in car crash, hits back of driver’s seat, leg is
shortened and internally rotated, all motor function of leg lost. What is the injury?

A

Posterior hip dislocation

Common injury in car crash
Presents with internally rotated, shortened and adducted leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

After gastric bariatric surgery, patient has been getting symptoms of sweating, palpitations, convulsions. What would be
the cause?

A

Dumping syndrome

?Vagotomised early gastric relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the histological appearance of osteoporosis?

A

Reduction in the amount of osteoid matrix (decreased volume), but normal mineralisation of it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A patient has fallen onto their chin, reduced mouth opening, jaws are not aligned like they used to and they are unable to bite. There is pre auricular tenderness. Which part of
mandible fracture?

A

Mandibular condylar fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Patient 6 months post tooth extractionis now presenting with pus, multiple sinuses and yellow granules.

A

Actinomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Teeth extracted, pt develops numbness of gum, chin and lower lip. Which nerve traversing through the body of mandible
is responsible?

A

Mental nerve - terminalbranch of the inferior alveolar nerve

Traverses through mandibular canal in mandible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Patient underwent Colonoscopy under conscious sedation. On the ward, the patient is unresponsive and the nurse informs you that the respiratory rate is slow. You examine the patient and he is sleeping. Despite the dark room, his pupils are constricted. What reversal agent is required?

A

Naloxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Unilateral Buttock claudication, causative vessel

A

common iliac artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A gardener gets a thorn stuck in their arm. A photo is provided showing surrounding cellulitis and lymphangitis 2 days later. What is the causative organism?

A

Sporothrix schenckii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which is the cause of vasoconstriction on efferent arterioles?

A

Angiotensin 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Senescence of cancer cells

A

Telomerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Superior thyroid artery ligated, now can’t produce high pitched voice, injury to?

A

Cricothyroid muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What cells produce complement factors?

A

Hepatocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the lymph node drainage of the glans of the penis

A

deep inguinal lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the histology of giant cell arteritis?

A

chronic granulomatous macrophages
lymphocytes inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What clinical examination test is used to determine achilles tender rupture?

A

Simmonds Thompson test - squeeze calf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What nerve root is damaged if there are features of horners syndrome and numbness on the medial side of elbow?

A

T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Patient with diabetes presenting with oliguria, hematuria.
There is slough in urine. Diagnosis?

A

Acute tubular necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

80 year old lady who smoked for 20 years, smooth, red and velvety patch on her tongue. What are the patches called?

A

Erythroplakia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Temporal bone fracture after high velocity accident, patient has otorrhea. Damage to which structure causes CSF to leak externally via ear?

A

Tegmen Tympani

Also known as the tegmental wall or roof of the tympanic cavity, is a thin plate of the petrous part of the temporal bone that separates the intracranial compartment and middle ear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

20y/o man, Urethral rupture, blood at urethral meatus and
high riding prostate What part of urethra injured:

A

Membranous urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Which syndrome involves both endometrial and colorectal cancer?

A

Lynch syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

3% burn in forearm with crusting, dry and loss of sensation,
management post debridement?

A

Split thickness skin graft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Acutely swollen and painful knee. No hemarthrosis,
Apyrexial and WCC normal. Definitive diagnosis by?

A

Arthroscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for autolysis in pancreatitis?

A

Trypsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is the formula for NNT

A

1/ARR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Admitted with acute pancreatitis..patient managed..repeat
CT imaging after 4 days shows diffuse fluid around the head
body/tail of pancreas are non-enhancing ?cause

A

Pancreatic necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Where are the central chemoreceptors located?

A

Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Where does furosemide act in the kidney?

A

Ascending loop of henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What structure is at risk when preparing tibia with saw for knee replacement surgery?

A

Popliteal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

6 months old boy with 24 hrs history of abdomen
distension, pyrexial, screaming, vomiting bile stained, small
amount of blood and mucus on PR

A

Intussusception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Where does ADH act in the kidney?

A

Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Traumatic aorta injury present to emergency with widened
mediastinum, where is most likely

A

Descending aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What bacteria will not be killed if autoclave is on 100 degrees celsius

A

clostridium difficile

58
Q

What is the nerve supply of the labia majora

A

ilioinguinal nerve L1

59
Q

78 year old male traumatic head injury patient, long time
taking to recover, need long term nutritional support ?

A

PEG

60
Q

Structure at greatest risk during splenectomy

A

Pancreas tail

61
Q

Lung function tests showing restrictive pattern. What is the cause?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

62
Q

Non differentiated thyroid cancer. What screen test for recurrence?

A

Thyroglobulin

63
Q

Where is the brachial artery in relation to the biceps tendon?

A

Medial

In the ACF (lateral to medial) is:
- Radial nerve
- Biceps tendon
- Brachial artery
- Median nerve

64
Q

Elderly man, has referred back pain to legs, improves on
pushing trolley n climbing uphill. While increases with going
down hill.. cause?

A

Lumbar canal stenosis

65
Q

Residual 250 cm ileum after distal ileocolic resection. What
nutritional support is necessary?

A

Oral supplementation

66
Q

What type of joint is the carpometacarpal joint of thumb?

A

Saddle

67
Q

Management of aortic aneurysm between 4.5 and 5.5cm?

A

3 monthly USS

68
Q

What is seen on the histology for medullary thyroid cancer?

A

Stroma with amyloid deposits. Round, plasmacytoid, polygonal or spindle cells in nests
Round nuclei with finely stippled to coarsely clumped chromatin

69
Q

What nerves arise at the cerebellopontine angle?

A

Trigeminal- more pons really
Facial
Vestibulocochlear

70
Q

According to embryology, why does cleft lip occur?

A

Occurs when the medial nasal prominence and maxillary prominence fail to fuse.

71
Q

How does diarrhoea lead to metabolic acidosis?

A

Loss of bicarbonate

72
Q

What nerve innervates the temporalis muscle?

A

Mandibular CNV3

73
Q

What nerve provides scalp sensation behind ear?

A

Lesser occipital nerve

74
Q

70 years old woman with extensive ovarian cancer, 5.5
cm aneurysm of external iliac artery. Management:

A

Surveillance in 3 months

75
Q

Patient with anaemia and autoimmune thyroiditis with
atrophic gastritis, endoscopy normal. Size of RBC?

A

Large oval

Megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia (pernicious anaemia)

76
Q

smoker, unilateral laryngeal swelling, nodule on vocal cord,
no LN involvement. What type of cancer?

A

SCC

77
Q

What is little’s area?

A

AKA Kiesselbach’s plexus.
It is the anastamosis of 5 arteries:
- anterior ethmoidal
- posterior ethmoidal
- Sphenopalatine
- Greater palatine
- Septal branch of the - Superior labial artery

78
Q

What is the least reliable sign for examination of compartment syndrome?

A

Absent pulse - late sign

79
Q

Cause of sudden onset L forearm pain and superiorly displaced
mitral valve leaflets during systole on echo

A

Brachial artery embolism

80
Q

Subclavian steal syndrome, retrograde flow in which vessel?

A

Vertebral

81
Q

Laceration 3cm from wrist joint, reduced wrist flexion, ulnar
deviation. Which nerve is injured?

A

Median

82
Q

Severe renal disease with foot ischemia. Which investigation is most appropriate?

A

US duplex

83
Q

45 female with discrete breast nodules showing dense fibrous
tissue with no microcalcification, Diagnosis?

A

Fibrocystic

84
Q

What is cushing’s triad?

A

Widened pulse pressure
Bradycardia
Irregular respirations

85
Q

Known breast carcinoma, now presenting with headache and vomiting?

A

Think increased SOL
Dexamethasone

86
Q

What do keratin pearls indicated?

A

Oesophageal SCC

87
Q

What is raised in yolk sac variant of testicular tumour?

A

AFP

88
Q

What is buck’s fascia?

A

Deep layer of penile fascia that covers both corpus carvernosa and corpus spongiosum

89
Q

What is the landmark for a pudendal block?

A

Ischial spine

90
Q

Which muscle relaxant is depolarising?

A

Suxamethonium

91
Q

8mm ureteric stone at ureterovesical junction. Pyrexial 38.9
with dilation

A

Cystoscope and JJ stent

92
Q

What electrolyte disturbance causes perioral tingling?

A

Hypocalcaemia

93
Q

Patient with recently diagnosed pancreatitis who suffered
from seizures. Muscle weakness, hyper reflexia . ECG shows
prolonged QT?? and T-wave inversion, which electrolyte?

A

Hypocalcaemia

94
Q

Teardrop sign in the maxillary sinus, what is the cause?

A

Orbital floor fracture

95
Q

Thyroglossal cyst investigation?

A

USS and FNAC

96
Q

Define amelia

A

complete absence of the skeletal parts of a limb

97
Q

Bone mets after breast cancer ,management of pain?

A

NSAIDs

98
Q

Where does the lower part of the anal canal drain its lymphatics to?

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

99
Q

Le fort level 3 fractures require which type of airway management?

A

tracheostomy

100
Q

Lesion in what structure causes a homonymous hermianopia?

A

Optic tract

101
Q

Level 5 lymph node dissection of neck. What nerve is at risk of damage?

A

Spinal accessory nerve

102
Q

What condition are Necrobiosis granulomas associated with ?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

103
Q

Where does the vagus nerve enter the abdominal cavity?

A

Oesophageal hiatus

104
Q

What type of cancer is myasthaenia gravis associated with?

A

Thymoma

105
Q

What blood test can help diagnose allergies?

A

Tryptase - comes from mast cells

106
Q

Where are IgA antibodies produced?

A

Mucus membranes of digestive tract

107
Q

What is a sestamibi scan used for?

A

to evaluate function of parathyroid glands

108
Q

What nerve supplies the skin on the dorsum of the foot?

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

109
Q

What nerve root supplies pelvic diaphragm?

A

S3

110
Q

What type of cancer is caused from schistosomiasis haematobium?

A

Bladder SCC

111
Q

What type of hernia occurs when the pleuroperitoneal canal persists?

A

Bochdalek hernia

112
Q

Why does hypospadias occur?

A

Urogenital fold on ventral penis

113
Q

What ECG change is seen due to hypothermia?

A

J wave

114
Q

Where are the nuclei for CN 9 and 10 located?

A

Medulla oblongata

115
Q

Where would bleeding post lumbar puncture come from ?

A

Vertebral venous plexus

116
Q

Asthmatic on 15mg prednisolone for emergency repair of
tibia, how to increase dose?

A

Double dose on day of surgery and next 2-3 days

117
Q

lady with bilateral inguinal node..likely from

A

labia minora/clitoris

118
Q

From ejaculatory duct sperm transmit to which part?

A

prostatic urethra

119
Q

chorda tympani skull exit ?

A

Petrotympanic fissure

120
Q

How smoking lead to ischemic foot ?

A

oxygen radicals effect nicotinic receptors

121
Q

lymphatic drainage of the caecum

A

ileocolic

122
Q

What types of polyps are seen in FAP

A

tubular adenoma

123
Q

Neck mass with compressive symptoms?

A

retrosternal goitre

124
Q

Supply to which structure defines left heart dominance?

A

circumflex artery

125
Q

Cause of varicocele, blockage in which vessel?

A

testicular vein

Need to do abdominal USS to exclude tumour compressing vein

126
Q

What maintains the resting potential?

A

K

127
Q

Stricture in biliary ducts is associated with which disease?

A

Ulcerative colitis

128
Q

How does prostate ca metastasise to spine?

A

Vertebral venous plexus

129
Q

What is the idication for a ventilatory support in a burn patient?

A

carboxyhemoglobin 20%

130
Q

Type of gallbladder stone in sickle cell patient ?

A

pigment and cholesterol

131
Q

Which structure crosses external iliac vessel to enter deep inguinal ring?

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

132
Q

Factors responsible for coagulopathy and hyprfibrinolysis in poly trauma

A

Activated protein c and plasminogen

133
Q

When a tourniquet is released, what causes vasodilation in systemic arterioles?

A

Histamine

134
Q

16 yr old with soft tissue mass?

A

ewings sarcoma

135
Q

Which nerves are responsible for maintaining an erection

A

I think pudendal although the answer on this recall was parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves

136
Q

What is the action of the psoas muscle?

A

Flexion and abduction

137
Q

Which nerve root supplies extensor hallicus longus?

A

L5

138
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the body of the uterus?

A

external iliac lymph nodes

139
Q

Which type of shock causes a low SVR?

A

Septic

140
Q

What nerve provides taste sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Facial nerve via the chorda tympani

141
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

It leaves the cranial cavity via the internal acoustic meatus, then travels through the facial canal to exit the skull via the stylomastoid foramen.

142
Q

Histology of a discrete palpable lump in the breast of a 34-
year-old woman has shown Apocrine metaplasia, epithelial
overgrowth and papillary projections. What is the most Likely
pathological process ?

A

Benign breast cyst

143
Q
A

MRCS - Part A (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions