Endocrine Flashcards
What type of malignancy is associated with hashimoto’s disease?
B cell Lymphoma
What is a brown tumour?
Mass due to excessive osteoclast activity. Bone is reabsorbed and replaced with fibrous tissue and giant cells. They are pathognomonic of hyperparathyroidism.
What is the surgical management of a thyroglossal cyst?
Sistrunk procedure
Excision of the thyroglossal duct cyst, the middle part of hyoid bone, wedge of tongue and the surrounding tissue around the thyroglossal tract.
What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidosm?
Solitary adenoma of parathyroid gland (80%)
What happens to the levels of calcium, phosphate an PTH in primary hyperparathyroidism?
Ca - High
PTH - High
PO4 - Low
How do you differentiate hashimoto’s disease from hypothyroidism?
Antithyroid peroxidase antibodies will be raised in hashimoto’s disease
What are the indications for surgery in hyperparathyroidism?
Elevated serum Calcium > 1mg/dL above normal
Hypercalciuria > 400mg/day
Creatinine clearance < 30% compared with normal
Episode of life threatening hypercalcaemia
Nephrolithiasis
Age < 50 years
Neuromuscular symptoms
Reduction in bone mineral density of the femoral neck, lumbar spine, or distal radius of more than 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone mass (T score lower than -2.5)
What is the likely cause of airway compromise after surgery for large thyroid goitre?
Tracheomalacia
Extrinsic compression by enlarged thyroid previously results in normal cartilage undergoing degeneration.
What is the most common type of thyroid cancer?
Papillary thyroid cancer
more common in females, more likely to cause lymphatic spread
Where are oxyphil cells found?
Parathyroid gland
What cells secrete PTH?
Chief cells
Which thyroid cancer is most likely to metastasise to bone?
Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid
How does Carbimazole work?
Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase enzyme
What tumour marker is used to screen for recurrence of medullary thyroid cancer?
calcitonin
What type of thyroid cancer is associated with psammoma bodies? and what are they?
Papillary thyroid cancer
Areas of dystrophic calcification
Associated with orphan annuie nuclei