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MRCS - Part A > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What pharyngeal pouches is the thymus derived from?

A

3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouch

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2
Q

What are hassall’s corpuscle’s associated with ?

A

Medulla of thymus

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3
Q

Which muscles are associated with the first pharyngeal arch?

A

Muscles of chewing - masseter, temporalis, pterygoid, tensor tympani
Muscles of swallowing - tensor veli palatini, digastric, mylohyoid

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4
Q

Which cranial nerve is associated with the first pharyngeal arch?

A

Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

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5
Q

What is meckel’s cartilage the precursor for?

A

Malleus

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6
Q

Which pharyngeal arch is the stapes bone associated with?

A

Second

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7
Q

Which cranial nerve is associated with the second pharyngeal arch?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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8
Q

What muscles are associated with the second pharyngeal arch?

A

Muscles of facial expression (think of the terminal branches of the facial nerve and the muscles they supply)
Stapedius
Digastric
Stylohyoid

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9
Q

Which pharyngeal arch is the cricopharyngeus muscle derived from?

A

Third

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10
Q

Which bony structures are derived from the third pharyngeal arch?

A

Greater horn and lower part of the hyoid bone

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11
Q

Which pharyngeal arch is the common carotid artery associated with ?

A

Third

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12
Q

What are the vascular derivatives of the fourth pharyngeal arch?

A

Left - Aortic arch
Right - proximal subclavian artery

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13
Q

What nerve is associated with the fourth pharyngeal arch?

A

Superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X)

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14
Q

What muscles are associated with the fourth pharyngeal arch?

A

levator palatini
pharyngeal constrictors
cricothyroid

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15
Q

What muscles are associated with the sixth pharyngeal arch?

A

intrinsic laryngeal muscles

transverse and oblique arytenoids
Thyroarytenoid
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Posterior cricoarytenoid

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16
Q

Which nerve is associated with the sixth pharyngeal arch?

A

Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve

17
Q

What structures are associated with the the pharyngeal pouches?

A

1st - cleft is external auditory meatus and tympanic membrane, pouch is internal auditory meatus, middle ear and eustachian tube
2nd - lining of the palatine tonsils
3rd - inferior parathyroid glands, thymus
4th - superior parathyroid glands, thyroid

18
Q

What do the ventral and dorsal outgrowths of the duodenum derive into?

A

Ventral - uncinate process and adjacent part of head, pancreatic duct
Dorsal - anterior head, body and tail of pancreas

19
Q

From which structure is the central tendon of the diaphragm derived

A

septum transversum - a thick ridge of mesodermal tissue

20
Q

What is the main structure that determines the descent path of the testicle

A

gubernaculum

21
Q

What is an adrenal rest?

A

Accessory adrenal tissue - appears small round and yellow
Often found in spermatic cord or broad ligament.
Can be found in abdomen or even intracranially

22
Q

What pharyngeal arch is the pulmonary artery derived from?

A

Sixth

23
Q

Where are branchial cysts most likely to develop from?

A

2nd branchial (pharyngeal) cleft

24
Q

What other congenital malformations are associated with intestinal malrotation?

A

Exomphalos and diaphragmatic hernia

25
Q

What is the embryological origin of the main pancreatic duct?

A

The duct of the ventral outgrowth of the duodenum

26
Q

Which cranial nerves are associated with the pharyngeal arches?

A

1st - Trigeminal
2nd - Facial
3rd - Glossopharyngeal
4th and 6th - Vagus

27
Q

What is the blood supply associated with each of the pharyngeal arches?

A

1 - Maxillary artery
2 - Stapedial and hyoid artery
3 - common carotid
4 - L is Aortic arch and R is proximal subclavian artery
6 - L is ductus arteriosus and R is pulmonary artery

28
Q

What are the cranial nerves associated with each of the pharyngeal arches?

A

1 - Trigeminal
2 - Facial
3 - Glossopharyngeal
4 - Superior laryngeal branch of vagus
6 - Recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus

MRCS - Part A (16 decks)

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