Jackson - 7th Social Studies Test 2

Question 1

As the Western Roman Empire weakened, Germanic tribes ____?

Answer 1

Increased in power

Question 2

____ inhabited modern-day France and parts of Germany?

Answer 2

The Franks

Question 3

Who erected settlements in Britain?

Answer 3

Angels and Saxons

Question 4

The Roman Catholic Church began to develop when?

Answer 4

As the western roman empire declined

Question 5

The Bishop of Rome received what title?

Answer 5

pope

Question 6

Who became the leader of a Frankish kingdom in 481 and cried out to God for a victory and promised to be baptized?

Answer 6

Clovis

Question 7

Who was given the name Charlemagne?

Answer 7

Charles Martel “Charles the Great”
his government worked to increase central authority and maintain peace

Question 8

The pope placed a crown on Charlemagne’s head and proclaimed him what?

Answer 8

Roman emperor

Question 9

What is feudalism?

Answer 9

It solved needs both for support (food to eat) and for protection. A landowner would grant use of a piece of land called a fief to a vassal. The vassal would live off the land and in exchange provide servies to the landowner.

Question 10

Who had rights and responsibilities in the feudal system and who did not?

Answer 10

1. Vassals - had rights
2. Peasants - did not

Question 11

What is a manor/manorialism?

Answer 11

the estate - consisted of blacksmiths, mill to process grain, skilled laborers, church & priest and was self supporting

Question 12

What was manorialism?

Answer 12

Most of the people in the middle ages were peasants and serfs who did not own land. They farmed or performed other duties that were useful to nobles in exchange for a portion of their produce or for services rendered, a noble allowed serfs to live on his land.

Question 13

What caused the decline of feudalism?

Answer 13

growth of towns

Question 14

What were two main reasons for growth of towns?

Answer 14

1. improved farming
2. growth of trade

Question 15

What is a town charter?

Answer 15

a legal document listing the privileges of the townspeople

Question 16

Who sought to increase the power of the king through war, marriage alliances and government reforms setting England up to have a strong central government?

Answer 16

Henry II - strengthened authority by expanding the use of royal courts replacing local courts.

Question 17

What are circuit courts?

Answer 17

where judges heard cases in particular provinces (circuits) of England. These courts strengthened the power of the kind and captured the royalty of the people.

Question 18

What is a jury?

Answer 18

a group of local citizens would make up a list of accusations known as indictments (a list of record of crimes committed and the people suspected of committing the crimes)

Question 19

What is a grand jury?

Answer 19

decides if there is enough evidence to bring an accused person to trial

Question 20

What is common law?

Answer 20

judges developed laws that applied to all of England which overruled local laws that varied from region to region.

Question 21

What is parliament?

Answer 21

a representative body/ a group of advisors to the king

Question 22

What were the 2 groups of parliament?

Answer 22

1. House of Lords - prominent group of leading vassals
2. House of Commons - less prominent group of knights and leading citizens

Question 23

How did parliament gain more power?

Answer 23

by granting or withholding it’s approval of new taxes “power of the purse”

Question 24

What was the main occupation in medieval England?

Answer 24

Farming - but after bad cycles of weather and disease wool became the most important product

Question 25

What was the main religion of medieval England?

Answer 25

Roman Catholicism

Question 26

Who signed the Magna Carta?

Answer 26

King John of England on June 15 1215

Question 27

What was the Magna Carta?

Answer 27

“Great Charter” a document that established the principle that the king and his government were not above the law.

Question 28

What principles did the Magna Carta put in place?

Answer 28

1. guarantee of trail by peers
2. promise of no taxation in excessive amounts or without consent
3. establishment of a council to verify that the charter is being followed

Question 29

Who founded a new royal line in France?

Answer 29

Hugh Capet

Question 30

How did France stay strong in power over several centuries?

Answer 30

They picked their kings by passing the crown to a son which spared them from revolts and major struggles of power (ex. The Capetian family ruled for over 3 centuries because of this)

Question 31

Who were bailiffs?

Answer 31

men who collected taxes for the king and ensure justice in carrying out laws.

Question 32

How did the Holy Roman Empire pick their kings?

Answer 32

local leaders called dukes began the practice of electing a king from among themselves. When a king died, a duke would elect a new king sometimes the king’s son but not always. This system of election helped keep German kings weaker than kings who were born to their position.

Question 33

What was the Holy Roman Empire?

Answer 33

an association between Germany and Italy -
initially Germany asked Italy for military help which they did but later German kings tried to take over the Italian peninsula which the divided the two maker them both smaller and weaker

Question 34

What new religion was developed by Muhammad in the Arabian Peninsula?

Answer 34

Islam

Question 35

What were followers of Islam called?

Answer 35

Muslim

Question 36

What did the Islam religion believe?

Answer 36

there was only one god, that he was single (not 3 like the bible teaches) and humans could not know him (they could only know his will)

Question 37

Who called for the first crusade?

Answer 37

Pope Urban II

Question 38

What is a crusade?

Answer 38

an attempt to free the Holy Land from muslim caliphates

Question 39

Why did some go on crusades?

Answer 39

they believed they could earn forgiveness of sins, some viewed it as an adventure, motivated by religious fever, etc.

Question 40

What resulted from crusades?

Answer 40

thousands died but they did bring back knowledge, increase in education, etc. increase in trade from goods brought back such as spices, silk, furs, etc. Manufacturing methods were brought back which created new factories and provided work.

Question 41

What was the Peace of God?

Answer 41

church decree placed church property out of bounds for fighting

Question 42

What was the Truce of God?

Answer 42

restricted fighting to certain days of the week (no combat from wednesday evening to Monday morning.

Question 43

What was chivalry?

Answer 43

“horseman”
strict code to improve behavior of knights.
required them to act with honor, generosity and religious devotion. (a group of knights couldn’t attach a single knight)

Question 44

How were Jews treated in Middle Ages in Europe?

Answer 44

Jews faced discrimination - forced to live in separate communities, wear identifying garments, leave a region or country, accused of things such as poisoning water, etc.

Question 45

Who were two composers from the Notre Dame school who developed a style of music called Polyphony?

Answer 45

Leonin and Perotin
polyphony - harmony to music; development of written notation system for notes and rhytms

Question 46

Who was the popular Italian literature writer who wrote Divine Comedy?

Answer 46

Dante (story of imaginary journey through hell/pugatory and paradise)

Question 47

Who was the popular English literature writer who wrote The Canterbury Tales?

Answer 47

Chaucer (story of pilgrims as they travel)

Question 48

What is calamity?

Answer 48

an event that causes dreadful loss, enduring sufferings or great misery.

Examples of calamities - famine, war and plague

Question 49

What was the Great Famine of 1315?

Answer 49

first calamity to stike Europe
1. Heavy rain in fall
2. it was cool in spring and summer which caused the crops to rot
3. food became scarce for people and animals
4. salt dried up
5. people started slaughtering their farm animals to survive
6. kids were abandoned because they couldn’t feed them
7. lasted from 1314-1317
8. people ate grass, roots and tree bark to survive
9. 10-25% of people died from starvation between 1315-1322
10. diseases like pneumonia also killed people
11. It was a very slow process to recover

Question 50

What was the Hundred’s Years’ War?

Answer 50

Battles between England and France from 1337-1453 to settle the issue of English control of land in France.

Question 51

Who help the French win in the Hundred’s Years War?

Answer 51

a peasant girl named Joan of Arc
she believed she was being directed from heaven to drive out the English. She was eventually captured by the English and killed her.

Question 52

What came from the war?

Answer 52

New weapons and battlefield tatics shaped European warfare and great loss of life and sufferings. The end of the war permanently separated the two countries

Question 53

What was the Black Death?

Answer 53

Bubonic plague killed millions
started in china and spread by trade ships to Europe by 1347

How it was spread - rats and their fleas spread it through open sewers and improper disposals of trash; houses were close together and people lived in crowded settings - unhealthy living conditions

30-50% of Europe’s population died

Catholic Church lost authority and credibility during this time because people lost faith in them because they couldn’t stop it, priests/nuns were dying also, believe God sent it to punish people for their sins, etc.