Jackson - 7th Science Test 3

Question 1

What is Zygote?

Answer 1

the union of two haploid gametes forms a diploid cell called this. (The diploid cell that results from fertilization.)

Question 2

What is Fertilization?

Answer 2

the joining of two haploid gametes.

Question 3

What is Meiosis?

Answer 3

the double cell division process that cuts the number of genes in half to form haploid cells (cell division process that is necessary for sexual reproduction)

Question 4

Female gametes are called?

Answer 4

eggs

Question 5

male gametes are called?

Answer 5

sperm

Question 6

What is Asexual reproduction?

Answer 6

reproduction that does not involve gametes and results in offspring that are
identical to the parent

Question 7

What is DNA?

Answer 7

4 different kinds of bases

Question 8

A group of three nucleotides forms a?

Answer 8

codon
the “words” of the DNA or RNA molecule

Question 9

What is Homologous Chromosomes?

Answer 9

matching pairs of chromosomes in a diploid cell

Question 10

What is Meiosis?

Answer 10

cell division process that is necessary for sexual reproduction

Question 11

What is Cytokinesis?

Answer 11

two new cells form when the cytoplasm divides.

Question 12

What is Telophase?

Answer 12

new chromosomes reach the end of the spindle and begin to uncoil during this phase of
Mitosis.

Question 13

What is Mitosis?

Answer 13

The process of the cell cycle that ensures that each new daughter cell produced has the same
number and kinds of genes as the original parent cell.

Question 14

After undergoing Mitosis what happens?

Answer 14

each newly formed cell ends up with the same amount of chromosomes as it
started with.

Question 15

What is Interphase?

Answer 15

The portion of the cell cycle during which the cell grows and carries out its normal functions.
(makes a copy of its DNA)

Question 16

What is Replication?

Answer 16

results in two identical DNA molecules.
-(first step)enzymes unzip the DNA strand into two halves.

Question 17

What is Cell Cycle?

Answer 17

the cellular process of growth and reproduction

Question 18

What is Irreducible Complexity?

Answer 18

A feature of engineered systems in which removing one part of the system
causes the whole system to cease functioning

Question 19

What is Protein Synthesis?

Answer 19

the bonding together of amino acids in a growing chain. (the making of proteins)

Question 20

What is Codons?

Answer 20

code for about twenty different amino acids that are used to build proteins

Question 21

What is Translation?

Answer 21

the process of converting the RNA code into a protein

Question 22

What is RNA?

Answer 22

uses uracil instead of thymine

Question 23

What is (mRNA) Messenger RNA?

Answer 23

produced during transcription

Question 24

What is Gene?

Answer 24

a section of a DNA molecule that codes for a unique protein.

Question 25

The nucleotides present and the order they are in determines what?

Answer 25

the protein that is built from a particular
gene

Question 26

What is DNA Molecule?

Answer 26

DNA is made of chemical building blocks called nucleotides.

Question 27

What 3 things make up Nucleotides?

Answer 27

1. phosphate group
2. sugar group
3. one of four types of nitrogen bases

Question 28

What are the 4 types of nitrogen bases?

Answer 28

1. adenine
2. thymine
3. guanine
4. cytosine

Question 29

Adenine always pairs with?

Answer 29

thymine (remember apple on the tree)

Question 30

Guanine always pairs with?

Answer 30

cytosine (remember car in the garage)

Question 31

What are Nucleotides?

Answer 31

small subunits that make up a DNA molecule and consist of a sugar, a phosphate, and a
base.

Question 32

What is the DNA Molecule shape?

Answer 32

double helix or twisted ladder