Jackson - 7th Science Test 2 Flashcards
God created the first cell during when?
Creation Week
On what day were Eukaryotic Cell’s created?
Day 3
On what day were Prokaryotic Cell’s created?
Day 5 and 6
What are the 4 things that identify Cell Theory?
- All living things are made of one or more cells
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
- Cells perform the functions of living things
- Model
Who first used the term cell to identify the smallest working unit of an organism?
Robert Hooke
What are Prokaryotes?
- No nucleus
- Microscopic
- Most are bacteria
- Unicellular (one cell)
What are Eukaryotes?
- Nucleus
- Some are unicellular (one cell)
- Multicellular
- Form tissues
What are multicellular organisms?
cells from tissues
What is tissue?
A group of similar tissues that work together
What are examples of groups of tissues?
- Muscle cells work together to form a heartbeat
- White cells in the tissues of the skin that work together to provide a protective covering for the body
Cells in one tissue perform tasks that are very often different from _____?
the roles of other tissues
Cells from different tissues often look and behave very _____?
differently
Ex. muscle and skin cells look very different because they are each part of tissues doing very different jobs
Both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes both have a _____?
cell membrane
Plants (eukaryotes) have ______?
cell walls
What are cell membranes?
Regulates what comes in and out of the cell
What is a capsule?
Slimy layer that some bacteria surround themselves with?
What is cytoplasm?
Cytosol + organelles
What are ribosomes?
Small structures that assemble proteins (both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have them)
What are lysosomes?
Small structures or organelle that assemble proteins for the cell (both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have them)
What are enzymes?
Proteins often found in lysosomes that speed up or slow down chemical reactions
What is mitochondrion?
Powerhouse of the cell
What is cell membrane?
Selectively permeable which means some substances can pass through but not others
What is concentration gradient?
Formed when a certain type of molecule is more densely packed on one side of the membrane than the other.
What is osmosis?
Water molecules move across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of low concentration
What is active transport?
Cellular transportation that requires energy to work.
Which cells do Creationist believe came first?
They believe eukaryotic cells, specifically plant cells, came first.
Which cells do Evolutionist believe came first?
They believe prokaryotic cells first because he believes that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.
What is photosynthesis?
Uses energy from the sun to turn carbon dioxide and water into glucose
Photosynthesis process model
carbon dioxide + water + light —> sugar + oxygen
What is the photosynthesis process?
the light-dependent and light-independent are a part of.
Where does a plant store energy in?
glucose
What is chlorophyll?
The green pigment that uses energy form the sun for photosynthesis
What is cellular respiration?
the breaking down of molecules to produce ATP
What is ATP?
Energy Currency
It is used to power a cellular process it is converted into ADP
What is aerobic?
Process that uses oxygen
What is anaerobic?
Glycolysis uses no oxygen
What is Fermintation?
The process still allows production of ATP with cells without access to oxygen
How are fermentation and cellular respiration alike?
They are alike in that they both begin with a series of reactions known as glycolysis
When yeast breaks down sugar in bread dough to produce ATP, ______ and _____ are given off as waste products, causing the bread to rise?
- alcohol
- carbon dioxide
During fermentation, some bacteria turn glucose fragments into _______, which is used in the cheese-making process.
lactic acid
Why does embryonic steam cell research violates God’s word?
because experimenting with these cells requires taking human life.
