7th - Chapter 8 Science Test Flashcards
What are the 8 facts of plants?
- are eukaryotic
- most are multicellular
- have plastids (such as chloroplasts) - cellular organelle
- have tissues that transport materials
- cell walls made of cellulose (made of long chains of sugars)
- most are producers - get their energy from photosynthesis
- have a cuticle
- have a multi-stage life cycle - consists of both a gamete producing stage and a spore producing stage.
What is a cuticle?
a waxy coating that helps prevent water loss
What are the 3 plant and fungi similarities?
- have cell walls
- are eukaryotic
- both produce spores
What are the 3 categories of Plants?
- seedless nonvascular
- Seedless vascular
- Seed-bearing vascular plants
What are Bryophytes?
- another name for Nonvascular Plants
- this category includes organisms that do not have true roots, leaves, and stems
- Examples - hornworts, liverworts, and moss
What are Rhizoids?
- Root-like
- anchors the plant to the ground also absorbs water and minerals. Mosses and hornworts are attached to the ground with these.
What are Sporophyte?
part of the bryophyte that produces spores and is not always present.
What are Vascular Plants?
Examples - club mosses, horsetails, ferns
What are the 4 types of Ferns?
- Fronds
- Fiddleheads
- Rhizomes
- Sori
What are Fronds?
fern leaves
What are Fiddleheads?
young fern leaves that resemble violin scrolls
What are Rhizomes?
underground stems that produce roots and leaves
What are Sori?
structures that produce ferns’ spores
What are Horsetails?
Vascular plant that has been used as an abrasive because of the silica in their cell walls
What are Seeds and Spores?
both are produced by seed plants
What are the 2 main groups of Seed Plants?
- Angiosperms
- Gymnosperms
What are Angiosperms?
another name for flowering plants and fruit plants
Examples - Apple tree
What are Gymnosperms?
Examples - pine trees, spruces and cycads
What is Foxglove’s (flower)?
A poison that is used to make Digoxin (a drug used to treat heart issues)
What are leaves?
part of the plant that absorbs energy from the sun
What are the 2 types of Roots?
- Taproot
- Fibrous roots
What is Taproot?
has a few main roots that are thicker and longer than the other roots of the plant.
What is Fibrous roots?
have clusters of roots that are all about equal in size
Ex. grasses
What are the 4 parts of a stem?
- Node
- Herbaceous
- Monocots
- Dicots
What is a Node?
region on a stem where new leaves or branches are produced
What is Herbaceous?
softer and more flexible type of the stem
Ex. stalks on dandelion flower
What is Monocots?
plants whose vascular bundles are evenly distributed throughout their stems
What is Dicots?
the vascular bundles are found in a ring around the outer portion of the stem
What are the 8 parts of Leaves?
- Xylem
- Phloem
- Palisade Layer
- Cuticle
- Veins
- Spongy Layer
- Stomata
- Chloroplasts
What is Xylem?
is a vascular tissue that moves water and nutrients into the leaf (forms wood in a tree trunk)
What is Phloem?
vascular tissue that moves finished sugars out of the leaf
What is Palisade Layer?
- makes most of the plants food.
- the cytoplasm in palisade layer cells circulates chloroplasts so that each gets plenty of light. This is where the most photosynthesis takes place
What is Cuticle?
covers the outer surface (waxy coating) of the leaf and prevents water loss
What is Veins?
vascular tissue of the leaf, a type of vascular bundle
What is Spongy Layer?
cells in this layer are packaged loosley
What is Stomata?
openings in the under side of the leaf that allow gases to move in and out of the leaf
What is Chloroplasts?
where photosynthesis takes place
What are the 4 types of Bark?
- Annual Rings
- Cork
- Cork Cambium
- Tree Bark
What is Annual Rings?
form because xylem grows differently at different times of the year
What is Cork?
outer most layer of the bark, made of dead cells with thick cell walls
What is Cork Cambium?
a layer of living cells just under the dead cork, constantly divides by mitosis, producing new cork cells
What is Tree Bark?
contains several types of cells, including cork and a ring of phloem
What is Plant Support?
cell walls (made of cellulose) and turgor pressure (caused by the presence of water inside a plant’s central vacuoles - if a plant loses too much water through evaporation it may wilt due to loss of turgor pressure)
What is Fiber?
a long, narrow, thick-walled cell that supports vascular bundles in some plants.
Be able to label the leaf structure on page 168
