7th - Chap.6 Science Test Flashcards
Where is bacteria found?
In the air, soil water, in and on the human body
ex. Digestive System
What shape is bacteria?
spherical, rod shaped and spiral shaped
Bacteria is made of what?
Cells
Bacteria has ____ that produce the proteins they need to survive?
ribosomes
Bacteria lacks a what?
nucleus
The DNA which forms a circular chromosome is located in the what?
cytosol
What makes a bacterium
a cell membrane
many have a cell wall
a capsule
flagella
plasmids
What is capsule?
a slimy coating that covers their cell walls which prevents the bacterium from drying out
What is a flagella?
what cells use to move
What is plasmids?
small often circular strands of DNA that are separate from the main chromosome
Examples of bacteria?
TB, strep throat, food poising
What types are prokaryotes
classified in both kingdoms Archaea and Bacteria
What is Archaea?
do not contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls
What is Binary Fission?
normal bacteria reproduce by this process:
1. One bacterium
2. DNA replicates
3. Cell membrane pinches in
4. Two Bacteria
What are the 3 ways to limit bacteria growth?
- lack of food
- lack of moisture
- lack of oxygen
What is Endospores?
Some conditions make it hard for bacteria to survive but they escape these conditions by forming endospores
What are 3 beneficial roles of bacteria?
- decomposing wastes
- fixing nitrogen in the soil
- aiding digestion
What is the definition of bacteria?
found in the digestive system of ruminants to help break down cellulose.
Bacteria helped produce what?
cheese, pickles, yogurt, and salami
What is Conjugation?
bacteria can share plasmids with other bacteria through this process
What is Microbiota?
the helpful microscopic bacterial cells that inhabit your body
What are 4 things about a Virus?
- consists of only a nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid
- They are not cells and many scientist debate whether they are even alive.
- They cannot reproduce on their own. They must infect a cell in another organism called a host cell. (The viral DNA forces a host’s cell own machinery to make more viruses)
- Used in gene therapy
What is Latent virus?
They can remain latent for years and become active after the body is stressed ex. cold sores
What are 3 ways to fight a viral infection?
- Regularly washing hands
- Eating a balanced diet
- Being vaccinated (gives your body a weakened or dead form of the virus)
What is Gene Therapy?
seeks to use viruses to cure defective genes
