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Re > J4 - family and rites of passage > Flashcards

J4 - family and rites of passage Flashcards

1
Q

define rites of passage

A

ceremonies after a child is born

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2
Q

define Brit Milah

A

name of the ceremony which circumcision takes place to fulfil the command of circumcision of Abraham and his desendents

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3
Q

define mohel

A

professional person who does the circumcision on brit milah

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4
Q

Which 2 verses show the importance of circumcision

A

-Genesis 17: 11
“You are to undergo circumcision, and it will be the sign of the covenant between Me and you”
-Genesis 17: 13-14
“My covenant in your flesh is to be an everlasting covenant. Any uncircumcised male, who has not been circumcised in the flesh, will be cut off from his people; he has broken my covenant.”

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5
Q

How does the naming ceremony go

A

Orthodox
-baby is blessed on the first Shabbat after their birth
-father recited Torah blessing
-Girl’s name is announced and get prayer of thanks, Sometimes, they are welcomed with the Zeved Habat ceremony
Reform
-same but both parents take part in it

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6
Q

define of Zeved Habat

A

means gift of the daughter

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7
Q

What is the significance of the naming ceremony

A

-the baby is formally introduced into the community and God
-It is a celebration of children as a gift from God

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8
Q

How does the Brit Milah go

A

-when baby is 8 days old, as soon as possible if ill health
-at home or synagogue
-A family member (Sandek) has the baby on their lap and a chair is left empty for Elijah to be present
-baby is passed to the Mohel who has the honoured of role of being the “companion of the child”
-Father says the blessing over wine and the baby is formally named
-there is a celebratory meal

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9
Q

What is the significance of the Brit MIlah

A

-recalls the covenant made with Abraham in Genesis where God said that the circumcision would “be the sign of the covenant between Me and you”
-lifelong reminder to baby that they are one of God’s chosen people

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10
Q

How does the Redemption of the first born son go

A

Some Orthodox Jews:
-31 days after first born son’s birth, some money is given to ‘redeem’ him from temple services ( even though the temple no longer exists)
-5 silver coins are given to a Kohen (a descendent of the priests who worked in the temple)
-prayer are said to the child

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11
Q

What is the significance of the Redemption of the first born son

A

-tradition comes from the command in Numbers 18: 15-16
“But you shall have the firstborn of man redeemed…take as their redemption price…the money equivalent of five shekels”

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12
Q

define Bar Mitzvah

A

rite of passage for boys which means “Son of the Commandments”

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13
Q

define Bat Mitzvah

A

rite of passage for girls which means “Daughter of the Commandments”

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14
Q

How does the Bar Mitzvah go

A

-First Shabbat after their 13 birthday, he read the Torah in the service and wears the Tallit and Tefilin for the first time
-He usually lead part of the service- reading from the Torah, say prayers and make a short speech
-He will prepare and practice his reading in advances as he has to learn Hebrew- can take up to 1 year
-Father thanks God for making son mature and declares he is now responsible for his own actions
-Celebration after meal

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15
Q

How does the Bat Mitzvah go

A

Reform:
-service similar to a Bat Mitzvah
Orthodox:
-Marked by a family meal and small religious gifts
-she will read a special prayer
-usually celebrations happens at home

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16
Q

5 importance of Bar/ Bat Mitzvah

A

-Its when a jew becomes an adult in religious terms
-preparing for it brings you closer to God and the community
-It’s when they are expected to strictly follow the Jewish law and be responsible for themselves
-It’s when they chose to accept that they are the chosen people of God
-When Boy is allowed to be part of the Minyan (girls too) and take part in synagogue services. He can wear the Tefillin.

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17
Q

What does the Bar Mitzvah, Bat Mitzvah and Bat Chayill signify

A

the boy or girl being subjected to Jewish law

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18
Q

define Bat Chayill

A

rite of passage of girls that do not do the Bat Mitzvah and it means “Woman of Valour”

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19
Q

How does the Bat Chayill go during and after

A

-It’s a community ceremony but not the same kind of service like a Bar Mitzvah
-She’ll talk about a topic related to Judaism but not read form the Torah
-After ceremony, she is expected to observe Jewish religious rules for women and learn how to keep a good home

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20
Q

why is Bat Chayill different than Bar Mitzvah in Orthodox

A

-Orthodox Jews interoperate roles of men and women differently
-Girls will not play an active role in the synagogue like boys

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21
Q

what will some orthodox jews do instead of a Bat Mitzvah

A

Bat Chayill

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22
Q

What is the significance of rites of passage for the child, community and covenant

A

-Child: stronger faith because they are fully part of the covenant now/ responsible for themselves
-Community: more closer because they prepare for it together/ introducing a new adult in their community
-Covenant: They introduce a new adult who takes full responsibility of themselves

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23
Q

define Kashrut

A

Dietary laws that restrict what and how Jewish people eat

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24
Q

define Kosher

A

clean or acceptable

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25
Q

Define Treyfah

A

unclean or forbidden

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26
Q

Where is the Kashrut found

A

Torah

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27
Q

what did people originally think Kashrut was

A

-for health and hygiene reasons
-some animals were more valuable than others

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28
Q

Why do orthodox Jews follow the kashrut strictly

A

-believe the laws come from God
-to test their obedience
-mark Jews as different from others

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29
Q

why do some reform Jews not follow the Kashrut

A

-they think it’s outdated and should be down to the person if they want to follow or not

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30
Q

What foods are considered kosher

A

-animals that have split hooves and several stomachs
-birds that are poultry
-fish with fins and scales
-all plants

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31
Q

What food are considered teryfah

A

-animals with paws and pigs
-birds that hunt
-prawn, muscles, shellfish
-insects

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32
Q

Who has to kill the animal

A

-a Jewish butcher has to kill it

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33
Q

How is an animal killed

A

-method is believed to be painless- causing pain to living things are against Jewish law
-animal must not see knife- it might upset it
-prayers are said during the killing

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34
Q

what does a Jewish butcher need and what does it do

A

-hechsher (certificate)
-so people know he kills correctly

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35
Q

which verse talks about why you must kill animals in a certain way

A

-Deuteronomy 12: 23
“but make sure you do not partake of the blood; for the blood is the life, and you must not consume the life with the flesh”

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36
Q

what are the restriction on meat and dairy

A

-they cannot be eaten 30 mins of each other
-kept separately during preparation, cooking, eating

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37
Q

verse talks about why you cannot consume diary and meat at the same time

A

-Exodus 23: 19
“you shall not boil a kid in its mother’s milk”

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38
Q

define marriage

A

-legal joining of 2 people
-in religious terms- uniting of man and woman. They are elevated to a higher spiritual level before God during the wedding

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39
Q

what do jews believe marriage is for

A

-to experience holiness in everyday life as it creates a spiritual bond between couples and their souls are fused into one

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40
Q

verse describes the souls being fused into one

A

-Genesis2: 24
“Hence man leaves his father and mother and clings to his wife so they become one flesh”

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41
Q

what are the 2 parts of a marriage

A

-betrothal
-marriage

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42
Q

define betrothal (kiddushin)

A

-when the couples are engaged or promised to each other
-lasts for 1 year
-has a legal statue in Jewish law
-only broken by death or divorce
-do not live together during this time- but prepare for their future lives together

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43
Q

what is done before the wedding

A

-couple may fast:
-to cleanse themselves sin
-come to the ceremony with the right attitude

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44
Q

define chuppah

A

-cloth canopy suspended from 4 poles that symbolises their home
-means they are officially married

45
Q

What is done in the betrothal ceremony

A

-Bride joins groom under the chuppah
-they recite blessings over wine
orthodox:
-groom give ring
reform:
-both exchange rings

46
Q

define the marriage contract (ketubah)

A

-signed in front of witnesses, read out and given to bride
-signed by 2 witnesses
-in Aramic
-states husband is not allowed to stop wife if she wants a divorce
Orthodox:
-covers husbands duties to his wife (legal rights)
reform:
-describes mutual hopes for the marriage (spiritual)

47
Q

what happens during the marriage (Nisuin)

A

-7 blessings are recited
-rabbi makes a speech and blesses the couple
-groom breaks a glass under his foot
-congregation wishes the couple good luck

48
Q

why does the groom break a glass under his foot

A

symbolises the destruction of the temple to remind that life involved hard times and joy

49
Q

what happens in the wedding reception

A

-couple spends a short time together privately- symoblises their status as a married couple
-then recpetion

50
Q

define kiddushin

A

-betrothal ceremony and first part of wedding
-means “holy/ santified”

51
Q

define Nisuin

A

-the marriage itself
-finalises the marriage

52
Q

order of marriage

A

-kiddushin (betrothal)
-Nisuin (marriage itself)

53
Q

who are the rites of passage intended to support

A

bereaved family and friends

54
Q

what is a dead person entitled to

A

as much respect as a living one

55
Q

why is the dead body covered

A

-believed you should remember them as living not dead

56
Q

why is a dead person’s eyes closed

A

-believed you cannot look into the afterlife and this world at the same time
-allows them to see the afterlife

57
Q

where and why are canlels lit

A

-placed on head
-said in Proverbs

58
Q

why is the body watched until burial

A

-believed soul only leaves at burial
-comforting to have someone

59
Q

define Havrash kadishah

A

group of people that prepare the body for funeral and work at a funeral parlor

60
Q

why do they stop when carrying the coffin and how many times

A

-7
-shows difficulty of it
-no desire to hurry and complete task

61
Q

why is the Havrash kadishah important

A

-they follow the mitzvot when they prepare the body
-its kind because the dead cannot pay back the kindness

62
Q

when and why are they burried

A

-not cremated
-as soon as possible but not on Shabbat or festivals

63
Q

verse talks about why jews are buried and not cremated

A

-Genesis 3: 19
“man is formed from dust and returns to it”

64
Q

define Keri’ ah

A

-ritual of tearing mourner’s clothes
-is a mitzvot
-represents sadness
-follow example of Jacob in Genesis 37: 34

65
Q

when do orthodox and reform do Keri’ah

A

orthodox:
-straight after death
reform:
-no Keri’ ah- wear a strip of black cloth given at funeral in out clothes

66
Q

how is the grave filled

A

-everyone takes turns and put shovel on ground after their turn
-symbolises not passing sorrow to others

67
Q

define Se’ udat Harra’ ah

A

-first meal brought by family, friends or neighbors at home after funeral

68
Q

what do men do during the funeral

A

-form 2 line and mourners pass through as they are consoled

69
Q

which way is the head facing in the coffin

A

-towards Jerusalem- believed dead is resurrected facing east to Jerusalem

70
Q

what are said as the coffin is lowered

A

prayers eg. El Malei rachamin (prayer of mercy)

71
Q

order of mourning

A

-announcement of death
-Anuit
-Shiv’ ah
-Sheloshim
-Avelut
-first year after death

72
Q

what do you do at the announcement of death

A

-Keri’ ah
-says blessings that say God is the true judge- shows they accept God’s decision to take life

73
Q

define the Anuit

A

-first period of mourning
-24 hours till burial
-dead is comforted by the living till burial
-family is excused form following most mitzvots
-family do not cut hair, wash clothes and celebrate festivals

74
Q

define the Shiv’ ah

A

-second period of mourning
-1 week long
-for bereaved parents, children, siblings and spouses
-do not work and stay at home to have prayer services 3 times a day eg. Kiddish- praise God and ask for peace
-mirrors are covered so they do not focus on their apperance
-cant cut hair, shave, wear make up

75
Q

define the Sheloshim

A

-third period of mourning
-30 days after death
-life resumes but cant cut hair, shave, listen to music and go to parties
-Men say Kiddish in synagogue

76
Q

define the Avelut

A

-final period of mourning
-11 months
-don’t party
-children continue to say Kaddish for parents

77
Q

what do you do at the first year after death

A

-for those who lost a parent- formal mourning ends after a year after death
-Sons recites Torah and make a Torah blessing if possible
-mark anniversary by lighting candle that burns 24 hours

78
Q

why are gravestone important

A

-mitzvot to not forget the dead so gravestone makes dead impossible to forget

79
Q

when is the unveiling ceremony

A

-when gravestone is placed
-first anniversary of their death

80
Q

define Yahrzit

A

fasting on the anniversary of a dead parent to remember them

81
Q

what is done on the anniversary of a dead parent

A

-Yahrzit
-special memorial candle is lit for 24 hours
-study torah

82
Q

define Yizkdor

A

memorial prayer recited by mourners in synagogue at certain festivals

83
Q

what is women’s clothing centered upon

A

modesty

84
Q

laws on clothing

A

-don’t have Shatnez
-how strictly followed depends

85
Q

define Shatnez

A

-mixing of wool and linen

86
Q

define Sanctity of life

A

-God breathe life into humans
-life is sacred and holy as it is given by God and so only God can take it away

87
Q

verse show sanctity of life

A

Genesis 2

88
Q

what does Sanctity of life tell jews to do

A

-preserve life
-don’t do anything to quicken death

89
Q

define Pikuach Nefesh

A

-obligation that Jews have to save a life even if they have to break the Jewish Laws

90
Q

what does Pikuach Nefesh show

A

-how valuable human life is as it put human life over the Jewish law

91
Q

verse talks about how you must not take life

A

-Sanhedrin 4: 5
“He who destroys one soul of a human being, the Scripture considers him as if he should destroy the whole world”

92
Q

verse talks about respecting your elder

A

-Leviticus 19: 32
“In the presence of an elder, you shall rise and you shall respect an elder; you shall have fear of you God; I am Adonai”

93
Q

which commandment talks about respecting elders

A

-fifth
“honour your father and mother”
-stated several times

94
Q

how is old age viewed

A

-is a virtue
-wise - each year of life brings wisdom

95
Q

verse talks about how old age is viewed as wise

A

-Genesis 24: 1
-said by Abraham

96
Q

What must a Jewish family do for an elder

A

-take care of them in their home

97
Q

how can jews take care of their elders when their living situation is not suitable

A

send them to Jewish retirement facilities

98
Q

what is important when caring for an elder

A

the care demonstrates respect and dignity required by God in the Torah

99
Q

3 mitzvots reserved for women

A

-preparing and separating Challah
-lighting candles on Shabbat
-Nidah - family purity

100
Q

differences btw men and women

A

-women rest on Rosh Chodesh
-Women do Challah, Nidah and light candles
-Women sleep separately on period
-Women are expected to learn how to keep a home after Rite of passage
-Men & women sit separately at Synagogue
-Men are more active at Synagogue than women

101
Q

why are women significant in teachings

A

-only they can do certain mitzvots
-keeps Jewish atmosphere at home
-her family is blessed by God based on her merits

102
Q

why might some reform jews challenge teaching on views on women

A

-think men can keep the home too
-women may have ambitions
-stereotypes on women
-inequality

103
Q

verse to show father must make sure child is circumcised

A

Genesis 17: 10-14

104
Q

parent responsibilities

A

-father must make sure child is circumcised - Genesis 17: 10-14
-father must teach torah
-father must help sons find wives
-responsible for education of children - Deuteronomy 11:19

105
Q

verse to show parents are responsible for education of children

A

Deuteronomy 11:19

106
Q

significance of parents

A

-seen as partners of God in the creation of his children
-bringing up children in in Jewish faith shows God bringing his word to them

107
Q

verse to show children duties to parents

A

-“Honour thy father and mother”
-Exodus 20
-seen as honouring Gid

108
Q

children duties to parents

A

-honouring parents is seen as honouring God
-provide food, cloths & their mobility
-respect parents
-not sit/ stand in parent’s place
-not oppose parents

109
Q

verse that shows importance of circumcision

A

“He who is eight days old among you shall be circumcised.” - Genesis 17:12

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