C5 - rites of passage Flashcards

Question

water usage in Baptism in Catholic, Orthodox & Protestant

Answer 1

Catholic - pouring/ immersion Orthodox - pouring/ immersion Protestant - mostly immersion

Answer 2

Catholic - prayers, blessings, and signing of the cross Orthodox - prayers, blessings Protestant - prayers; less formalized

Answer 3

Catholic - signing of the cross, lighting of a candle Orthodox - lighting of a candle, anointing with oil Protestant - lighting of a candle, may include anointing.

Answer 4

-A Christian (often Catholic and Orthodox) rite of passage which strengthens or seals the gifts of the Holy Spirit already given during Baptism -A sacrament in which individuals affirm their faith and commitment to God, usually following infant baptism.

Answer 5

The first time a person receives the Eucharist (bread and wine) in certain Christian denominations that believe in the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist (transubstantiation), such as Catholic and Orthodox.

Answer 6

A sacrament in the Orthodox Church, equivalent to Confirmation in Catholicism. It is a rite of anointing with holy oil (called chrism) and is closely linked with Baptism. Chrismation typically occurs immediately after Baptism, marking the newly baptised individual’s full reception into the Church.

Answer 7

The declaration of one's faith and commitment to follow Jesus, often made during confirmation.

Answer 8

The status attained after confirmation or First Communion, signifying one's active participation in the church community.

Answer 9

Also known as Holy Communion, it's a Christian rite commemorating Jesus' Last Supper.

Answer 10

Consecrated oil used in some Christian ceremonies, including Confirmation and baptism for Orthodox churches.

Answer 11

A person who supports and guides a candidate through Confirmation.

Answer 12

A recognized branch of the Christian Church.

Answer 13

-Catholic - infant baptism, First Communion at age 7-8, Confirmation at 12-16 -Orthodox - infant baptism, Confirmation & first communion tgt, Chrismation after baptism = priest anoints the newly baptized infant with chrism, confirming them in the faith -Anglican - similar to Catholic, some branches delay Confirmation until teen/ adult, First communion before/ after Confirmation depending on tradition -Protestant - some infant baptism & confirmation later, some don't do Confirmation because believer's baptism itself is seen as the public profession of faith, First communion varies

Answer 14

1. Infant baptism 2. Religious education (begins at age 6-7) 3. First Reconciliation (Confession) preparation & reception (at age 7-8) 4. First Communion preparation & reception (at age 7-8) 5. Continued religious education (through parish catechism classes) 6. Confirmation preparation (begins 1-2 years before Confirmation) - Includes study of Catholic doctrine, sacraments, and moral teachings - May involve retreats, service projects, & faith-sharing experiences 7. Selection of a sponsor (typically a confirmed Catholic who serves as a faith mentor) 8. Confirmation ceremony (usually early teens, presided over by a bishop, or in some circumstances, a priest may be authorized to perform Confirmation, especially during the Easter Vigil or in areas with limited access to a bishop.) - Includes renewal of baptismal promises - Anointing with chrism - Laying on of hands by the bishop or priest

Answer 15

1. Baptism of the infant - Full immersion in blessed water - Exorcism prayers and renunciation of Satan 2. Chrismation immediately following baptism - Anointing with chrism on various parts of the body (forehead, eyes, nostrils, mouth, ears, chest, hands, and feet) - Each anointing accompanied by the words "The seal of the gift of the Holy Spirit" 3. First Communion, typically given immediately after Chrismation - The newly baptized and chrismated infant receives a small amount of the consecrated wine mixed and given to the infant on a small spoon 4. Continued participation in church life and education throughout childhood and beyond - Regular reception of Holy Communion - Religious education classes - Participation in liturgical services and feast days

Answer 16

- Reciting the Nicene Creed to affirm personal belief. - Wearing a cross or crucifix as a sign of faith. - Laying on of hands: descent of the Holy Spirit, reenacting the Pentecost event - Anointing with chrism: being sealed with the gifts of the Holy Spirit (wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety, and fear of the Lord) - Renewal of baptismal promises: Affirms personal commitment to faith and rejection of sin and evil - Bishop's role: In Catholic and Anglican traditions, the bishop typically performs Confirmation, symbolizing apostolic succession and the unity of the Church

Answer 17

- Reception of bread and wine: believed to become the actual body and blood of Christ through transubstantiation (Catholic) or a form of real presence (Orthodox). Many Protestant denominations, however, view the Eucharist symbolically. This fulfils Jesus' command at the Last Supper - Wearing special clothing (often white): Represents purity and new life in Christ, often includes symbols like crosses or chalices - Lighting a candle: Christ as the light of the world and the candidate's role in spreading that light - Procession: Many First Communion ceremonies include a procession of the children, symbolizing their journey of faith - Prayers and blessings: Special prayers are often said for the children receiving their First Communion, asking for God's grace and guidance in their spiritual lives - Wearing a cross or crucifix as a sign of faith. - Reciting the Nicene Creed to affirm personal belief.

Answer 18

1. It signifies spiritual maturity and personal commitment to faith, marking a significant milestone in one's religious life 2. It strengthens the individual's connection to the church community, fostering a sense of belonging and shared identity 3. It allows full participation in church life, including receiving communion regularly and taking part in other sacraments 4. It often grants the right to be a godparent or sponsor for others, passing on the faith to future generations 5. It prepares individuals for potential leadership roles within the church, such as serving on parish councils or as catechists 6. It deepens one's understanding of church teachings and traditions, leading to a more informed and committed faith 7. It provides opportunities for ongoing spiritual growth and formation within the church community

Answer 19

Chrismation

Answer 20

To ensure the individual can understand the significance

Answer 21

Confirmation

Answer 22

Chrismation

Answer 23

-wisdom -understanding -counsel -fortitude -knowledge -piety -fear of the Lord

Answer 24

holy oil, seals gifts

Answer 25

"Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you." - Matthew 28:19 -20

Answer 26

tell others about Jesus & the Gospel with the aim of them being Christians

Answer 27

A practice in which infants are baptised, often to welcome them into the Christian community and cleanse them from original sin

Answer 28

The practice of baptising individuals who have made a conscious decision to follow Christ, often after a period of instruction.

Answer 29

A form of baptism where individuals are baptised after declaring their faith in Jesus, commonly practiced in certain denominations.

Answer 30

A ceremony in which parents present their child to God, often involving a commitment to raise the child in the Christian faith without formal baptism.

Answer 31

-Catholics & orthodox & some Protestant do infant as a way to welcome the child into their faith community from birth with godparents & the wider church supporting their spiritual growth -Baptist do believer's baptism because they emphasize the importance of personal decision-making, where the individual publicly professes their faith & commitment to Christ, highlighting personal responsibility over communal initiation

Answer 32

"But Jesus called the children to him and said, “Let the little children come to me, and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of God belongs to such as these." - Luke 18:15-16 -Jesus values children

Answer 33

"Peter replied, “Repent and be baptized" - Acts 2: 38

Answer 34

Some Protestants believe salvation comes through Christ's grace

Answer 35

"Then Peter and John placed their hands on them, and they received the Holy Spirit." - Acts 8:17

Answer 36

Ceremonial acts performed during baptism, such as the pouring of water or anointing, which hold specific meanings in the Christian faith.

Answer 37

A ceremony marking the transition from childhood to adulthood, often celebrated within the context of faith.

Answer 38

A formal celebration of the union between two individuals, often involving religious rites and vows.

Answer 39

A Christian service that includes the sharing of the Eucharist, also known as Communion, often part of a marriage ceremony.

Answer 40

Promises exchanged between partners during a marriage ceremony, representing their commitment to each other.

Answer 41

A sacrament administered to a person nearing death, providing spiritual comfort and preparation for the afterlife.

Answer 42

The burial of a deceased person, often accompanied by rituals acknowledging the loss and providing support to the bereaved.

Answer 43

The process of reducing a body to ashes after death, often accompanied by specific rituals and prayers.

Answer 44

Individuals who have lost a loved one, often supported through rituals and community during the grieving process.

Answer 45

The structure and dynamics of families, influenced by religious beliefs and teachings.

Answer 46

The expected duties and functions assigned to men and women within the family, as outlined by religious teachings.

Answer 47

The act of caring for and educating children, as well as supporting the elderly, viewed as important responsibilities within the family.

Answer 48

The beliefs and practices surrounding marriage, including views on divorce and remarriage, which can vary among Christian denominations.

Answer 49

ong-standing practices and customs that are upheld within a community, often linked lto religious beliefs.

Answer 50

The evolving dynamics and functions of family members in response to social changes and modern values.

Answer 51

Feelings of distress or uncertainty that arise from changes in family roles or traditions, often faced by individuals and communities.

Answer 52

Spiritual Challenges Difficulties related to faith and beliefs that arise due to changes in societal norms or family structures.

Answer 53

"For everything, there is a season, and a time for every matter under heaven: a time to be born, and a time to die..." - Ecclesiastes 3:1

Answer 54

"Therefore a man shall leave his father and mother and hold fast to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh." - Ephesians 5:31

Answer 55

"You shall teach them diligently to your children, and shall talk of them when you sit in your house, and when you walk by the way..." - Deuteronomy 6:7

Answer 56

-It strengthens the gifts of the Holy Spirit -confirms one's faith -marks full membership in the Church

Answer 57

-allows full participation in the Eucharist -recognizes the real presence of Christ in the bread and wine.

Answer 58

-Reaffirms the individual's personal commitment to their faith and their rejection of sin

Answer 59

-Symbolises being sealed with the Holy Spirit, empowering the individual for a life of faith and service.

Answer 60

-Represents the apostolic tradition and the transmission of the Holy Spirit, linking the individual to the Church's authority and mission.

Answer 61

-Symbolises purity, spiritual readiness, and the individual’s journey into the faith.

Answer 62

-Commemorates the Last Supper and allows the individual to fully partake in the central act of Christian worship.

Answer 63

-Signifies a deeper commitment to the Christian community and full participation in its spiritual life and governance.

Answer 64

A person affirms their baptismal vows. The bishop (or priest, in some cases) lays hands on the person, invoking the Holy Spirit, and anoints them with chrism (holy oil). Catholic Church: Typically occurs in the early teenage years (12-16). Anglican Church: Confirmation can occur in the teenage years or adulthood. Orthodox Church: Chrismation (equivalent to Confirmation) happens immediately after Baptism (usually in infancy).

Answer 65

A person, usually a child, receives the Eucharist (bread and wine) for the first time during a special ceremony. Catholic Church: Typically occurs around age 7-8 after First Reconciliation. Orthodox Church: Infants receive their First Communion immediately after Chrismation (at Baptism). Anglican Church: Practices vary. In some traditions, First Communion occurs after Confirmation; in others, it is allowed at a younger age.

Answer 66

In Confirmation, the individual publicly reaffirms the promises made on their behalf at Baptism. Sponsors (often a confirmed adult) are present to provide spiritual support. Catholic Church: Requires a sponsor, usually a practising confirmed Catholic, who guides the candidate. Anglican Church: Sponsors are optional but encouraged for support. Orthodox Church: Godparents assume this role during Baptism and Chrismation.

Answer 67

The individual’s forehead is anointed with chrism (holy oil) during Confirmation or Chrismation. Catholic Church: The anointing is done by the bishop or priest, representing the Holy Spirit's gifts. Orthodox Church: Chrismation involves anointing several parts of the body (forehead, eyes, nostrils, mouth, chest, hands, and feet) immediately after Baptism.

Answer 68

The bishop (or priest) lays hands on the person during Confirmation to call down the Holy Spirit. Catholic Church: The bishop typically lays hands, although a priest may do so with permission in certain cases. Anglican Church: Often performed by the bishop but can be done by a priest. Orthodox Church: This act is incorporated within the Chrismation at Baptism.

Answer 69

Candidates wear special attire (often white) and may participate in a ceremonial procession during First Communion or Confirmation. Catholic Church: White clothing is common for First Communion and Confirmation, representing purity. Anglican Church: White robes or special garments may be worn, depending on the denomination. Orthodox Church: Baptismal garments, often white, are worn by infants, symbolising new life in Christ.

Answer 70

In First Communion, the individual receives the consecrated bread and wine, believed to be the body and blood of Christ. Catholic Church: Belief in the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist (transubstantiation). Orthodox Church: Also believes in the real presence of Christ but views it as a mystery, rather than transubstantiation. Infants participate in the Eucharist immediately after Baptism and Chrismation. Anglican Church: Beliefs vary—some hold to the real presence, while others see it as symbolic.

Answer 71

After Confirmation (and in some cases, First Communion), individuals are considered full members of the Church, able to participate in all sacraments. Catholic Church: Full membership allows participation in all sacraments, including Eucharist, Reconciliation, and Marriage. Orthodox Church: Full membership begins from Baptism and Chrismation, with lifelong participation in the Eucharist and other sacraments. Anglican Church: Full membership occurs at Confirmation in most traditions, allowing for greater participation in church life.

Answer 72

"But it is God who establishes us with you in Christ and has anointed us, by putting his seal on us and giving us his Spirit in our hearts as a first instalment." - 2 Corinthians 1:21-22

Answer 73

"So Jesus said to them, 'Very truly, I tell you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you. Those who eat my flesh and drink my blood have eternal life, and I will raise them up on the last day.'" - John 6:53-54

Answer 74

important milestones because they mark key points in a Christian's faith journey.

Answer 75

-Catholic and Orthodox traditions view sacraments as a means of receiving divine grace, placing importance on the physical elements of the sacraments like the Eucharist. -Protestants, especially in more evangelical traditions, may place greater emphasis on personal faith and understanding, seeing Confirmation more as an individual’s decision to commit to their faith.

Answer 76

A set of sacraments and prayers given to someone nearing death, providing comfort, forgiveness, and peace. Commonly includes Anointing of the Sick, confession, and Communion in some Christian denominations.

Answer 77

A religious leader who performs ceremonies and provides spiritual support. In Christian funerals, ministers lead prayers, offer comfort to the family, and guide the service.

Answer 78

The act of burying a deceased person in a grave or tomb. Interment often includes rituals like placing flowers or saying prayers at the gravesite.

Answer 79

A funeral practice where the body is burned and reduced to ashes, often followed by a ceremony to honour the deceased. In some Christian traditions, cremation is an alternative to burial.

Answer 80

The process of grieving and expressing sorrow for the loss of a loved one. Mourning can involve rituals, ceremonies, and personal practices that provide comfort and support.

Answer 81

The ceremonies and rituals that occur before, during, and after a funeral, helping families honour the deceased and providing comfort and structure for the grieving.

Answer 82

A speech given at a funeral that honors and remembers the life of the deceased, often highlighting their positive qualities, achievements, and relationships.

Answer 83

1. Preparation Before Death (if possible) 2. Death and Vigil 3. Funeral Service 4. Procession 5. Burial or Cremation 6. Graveside Service 7. Mourning Period

Answer 84

Catholic: Last Rites (Anointing of the Sick): Administered to the dying person, typically involving confession, anointing with oil, and Eucharist for final spiritual preparation and peace. Orthodox: Anointing of the Sick: The priest offers prayers and anoints the dying person to prepare for their journey to the afterlife. Protestant: Prayers of Comfort: Ministers may offer blessings or prayers for the dying, providing spiritual support and reassurance for both the individual and their family.

Answer 85

Catholic: Wake/Vigil: Held before the funeral, usually in a funeral home or family home. Family and friends gather to pray and offer condolences, often in the presence of the body. Orthodox: Vigil: A prayer service, typically held in the home or church, where family and friends gather to pray and read Psalms. Often, the Psalms are chanted, reflecting Orthodox tradition. Protestant: Viewing or Wake: Some denominations hold a wake or visitation, allowing family and friends to pay respects, which may be followed by a prayer service.

Answer 86

Catholic: Requiem Mass: Conducted in the church, it includes the Eucharist, prayers for the deceased, readings, and homily. This Mass emphasizes hope in the resurrection and prayers for the soul’s repose. Orthodox: Divine Liturgy: The funeral service typically includes the Eucharist, chanted hymns, prayers, and readings asking God for mercy on the deceased’s soul. Protestant: Funeral Service: Held in a church, funeral home, or chapel. This service includes hymns, Scripture readings, a eulogy, and a sermon or message of hope.

Answer 87

Catholic: Funeral Procession: The casket is transported from the church to the burial site. Family and friends may walk or drive in procession, with the priest offering final prayers. Orthodox: Funeral Procession: A solemn procession from the church to the cemetery, often accompanied by chanting or psalm singing. Family and friends may participate in this solemn walk. Protestant: Procession (Optional): Some Protestant churches include a procession from the church to the burial or cremation site, though this varies by denomination.

Answer 88

Catholic: Interment: The body is typically buried in consecrated ground. The priest blesses the grave, and attendees may sprinkle holy water. Cremation is permitted with conditions, but the ashes must be interred. Orthodox: Interment Only: Burial in consecrated ground is the standard practice, as cremation is traditionally not allowed. Orthodox tradition views the body as sacred and prefers burial intact. Protestant: Interment or Cremation: Burial or cremation is based on the family’s preference and denomination guidelines, often followed by a brief graveside or crematory service.

Answer 89

Catholic: Committal Service: A short service at the gravesite led by the priest, with prayers and blessings. Holy water is sprinkled on the casket, symbolizing purification. Attendees may place flowers or earth on the grave. Orthodox: Graveside Prayers: The priest offers final prayers and blessings. Family members may participate by placing earth on the casket as a final farewell. Protestant: Graveside Prayers: Led by a minister, the graveside service includes a blessing and sometimes symbolic acts, like placing flowers or earth on the grave as a gesture of respect/ final farewell

Answer 90

Catholic: Novena or Rosary: The family may pray the Rosary for nine days following the funeral or observe a 30-day Mass. Anniversaries may be marked with Masses in remembrance. Orthodox; Memorial Prayers: Special prayers are offered on the 3rd, 9th, and 40th days after death, and annually on the anniversary. Families may visit the grave regularly. Protestant: Varies by Denomination: Some denominations hold memorial services or encourage private prayers and support for the family, with anniversaries sometimes marked by a memorial service.

Answer 91

-giving them a way to say goodbye and find comfort through shared practices. Rituals provide comfort because they create a sense of peace and remembrance, showing respect for the person’s life.

Answer 92

For Comforting the Living: Minister leading prayers, sharing memories of the person. For Honouring the Deceased: Sprinkling holy water, giving Last Rites, placing flowers on the casket.

Answer 93

Catholic usually do burial but can do both & Orthodox do only burial because they believe the body is part of you Protestants do either because they do believe they are just their soul

Answer 94

Promises made by the couple to each other, symbolising their commitment and love. These vows often include promises to love, honour, and cherish each other.

Answer 95

1)Eucharistic vs. Non-Eucharistic Celebrations Eucharistic: marriage ceremony includes the Eucharist, couple and the congregation participate in Communion - symbolizes unity with Christ and each other. Non-Eucharistic: marriage ceremonies without Communion. The focus remains on the vows and commitments, ceremony may be shorter and less formal. 2)Wedding Vows The couple commits to love, honor, and support each other through life’s challenges. Vows reflect the couple’s promise to uphold Christian values in their relationship. 3)Symbolism in Marriage Ceremonies Rings: eternal nature of marriage, with no beginning or end, reflecting God’s unending love. Unity Candle: couple lights a unity candle to represent unity created in marriage. Veil and Cord: couple may wear a veil or be bound by a cord, symbolizing God’s blessing and protection over the couple.

Answer 96

Catholic View: Marriage is a sacrament, the couple becomes a visible sign of God’s love. It’s seen as a covenantal relationship blessed by the Church. Protestant View: In many Protestant denominations, marriage is not a sacrament but remains a sacred bond where God’s presence is invited into the relationship through prayer and commitment.

Answer 97

Diverse Practices: Different denominations have unique practices and beliefs regarding marriage, creating variations in the ceremony’s structure and meaning. Sacramental vs. Non-Sacramental Views: Some denominations view marriage as a sacrament, while others do not, leading to differences in how the marriage ceremony is perceived.

Answer 98

Eucharistic Marriage - Includes Communion, signifying unity with Christ and each other, only if both people are baptized Christians non- Eucharistic Marriage - Communion is not present; focuses on vows and commitments.

Answer 99

Eucharistic Marriage - Emphasizes the sacramental nature of marriage, where God’s grace is present. non- Eucharistic Marriage - Highlights personal commitment and devotion without the sacramental context.

Answer 100

Eucharistic Marriage - Catholic, some Anglican, and Orthodox traditions. non- Eucharistic Marriage - Common in many Protestant and Evangelical denominations.

Answer 101

Eucharistic Marriage - Typically longer and includes prayers, readings, and hymns. non- Eucharistic Marriage - Usually shorter; focuses on vows and rings.

Answer 102

Sacramental View: Marriage is a sacrament. Key Features: Eucharistic celebration, wedding vows, priest’s blessing. Symbolic Practices: Rings, unity candle, veil and cord.

Answer 103

Sacramental View: Some view it as a sacrament. Key Features: May include Eucharist, traditional vows, priest’s involvement. Symbolic Practices: Rings, unity candle (in some practices).

Answer 104

Sacramental View: Marriage is a sacrament. Key Features: Eucharistic, prayers, priest’s involvement in the blessings. Symbolic Practices: Crowns, rings, blessing of wine.

Answer 105

Sacramental View: Generally not a sacrament. Key Features: Focus on vows, non-Eucharistic, pastor’s blessings. Symbolic Practices: Rings, unity candle (varies by church).

Answer 106

The expected functions or positions individuals hold within a family or community, defining how they contribute to and interact with others.

Answer 107

The duties or obligations individuals have within their roles, including tasks or actions they are expected to perform to support and care for others.

Answer 108

Proverbs 22:6 – “Start children off on the way they should go, and even when they are old they will not turn from it.” -raise kids with love & disciple Ephesians 6:4 – “Fathers, do not exasperate your children; instead, bring them up in the training and instruction of the Lord.” - 1 Timothy 5:1-2 – “Do not rebuke an older man harshly, but exhort him as if he were your father. Treat younger men as brothers, older women as mothers, and younger women as sisters, with absolute purity.” Exodus 20:12 – “Honor your father and your mother, so that you may live long in the land the Lord your God is giving you.” -show unity & love in the family Leviticus 19:32 – “Stand up in the presence of the aged, show respect for the elderly and revere your God.” -honoring & respecting elderly

Answer 109

men - leaders, Breadwinner women - nurturing roles, Homemaker both parents - equally responsible for raising their children and caring for one another. Caregiver - Children and parents share care responsibilities for elder

Answer 110

-changing expectations about gender roles -both parents often share financial and homemaking responsibilities -This shift makes it harder to keep traditional roles

Answer 111

Ephesians 5:22-23 – “Wives, submit yourselves to your own husbands as you do to the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church…” 1 Corinthians 11:3 – “But I want you to realize that the head of every man is Christ, and the head of the woman is man, and the head of Christ is God.” Titus 2:4-5 – “…and so train the young women to love their husbands and children, to be self-controlled, pure, working at home, kind, and submissive to their own husbands…” 1 Timothy 2:12 – “I do not permit a woman to teach or to assume authority over a man; she must be quiet.” Colossians 3:18 – “Wives, submit yourselves to your husbands, as is fitting in the Lord.”

Answer 112

Galatians 3:28 – “There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.” Genesis 1:27 – “So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them.” Proverbs 31:10-11 – Describes a “wife of noble character” who “considers a field and buys it… works vigorously” and has the “full confidence” of her husband, showing partnership. Ephesians 5:21 – “Submit to one another out of reverence for Christ,” calling for mutual submission in Christian relationships. 1 Peter 3:7 – “Husbands, in the same way be considerate as you live with your wives, and treat them with respect… as heirs with you of the gracious gift of life.”

Answer 113

divorce signifies the dissolution of the marital covenant, which is generally viewed as a lifelong commitment made before God.

Answer 114

-only when it protects well being Catholics allow civil separation but require annulment for remarriage. Orthodox view divorce as a compassionate option in cases like adultery or abuse. Protestants permit divorce in cases of serious harm, focusing on forgiveness and personal dignity.

Answer 115

-generally more flexibility regarding divorce in cases of adultery, abuse, or abandonment. -allow remarriage after divorce if they believe the marriage ended for legitimate reasons, especially if it aligns with Jesus’ teachings on adultery in Matthew 19:9.

Answer 116

-Divorce is generally discouraged, but permitted in certain situations marriage has been irrevocably damaged (such as through adultery or abuse). -allows for remarriage but often with restrictions and a more penitential second wedding service, acknowledging the sadness of a broken marriage while allowing for the possibility of a new beginning.

Answer 117

-Divorce itself is not recognized within the Church, as Catholics believe that a valid marriage cannot be broken. -permits civil divorce in cases where couples need to separate for legal or safety reasons. -For a marriage to be truly dissolved within the Church, an annulment is required, which is a declaration that the marriage was never valid in the first place (e.g., if essential elements of marriage, such as full consent, were missing). Without an annulment, Catholics who divorce are generally not permitted to remarry within the Church.