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Re > J1- worship > Flashcards

J1- worship Flashcards

1
Q

define Synagogue

A

a Jewish place of worship, means “assembly” in Greek

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2
Q

Why is there an absence of images in the Synagogue

A

to obey commandment to not worship false idols

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3
Q

Name the 9 features of a Synagogue

A

-Aron Ha Kodesh
-Sefer Torah
-Star of David
-Bimah
-Amud / Lectern
-Menorah / Hanukkiah
-Ner tamid
-Yad
-Women’s Gallery

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4
Q

define Aron Ha Kodesh and its use

A

-a cupboard in front of the meeting hall, in a wall that faces towards Jerusalem
-the doors are covered by a curtain (parochet)
-2 plaques with the Decalogue, decorated with the first 2 words of each commandment, above the Ark
-keeps Sefer Torah
-During service, parochet are puled back, doors opened, and the Sefer Torah scrolls are carried to the Bimah to be read.

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5
Q

define parochet

A

curtains that cover the Ark

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6
Q

define Sefer Torah and its use

A

-Torah scrolls
-Handwritten in Hebrew
-Made of Natural materials
-treated with respect and dressed when not in use

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7
Q

Describe the materials the Sefer Torah is made of

A

-scroll - animal skin
-ink - oil and charcoal
-roller - wood

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8
Q

Describe the materials the Sefer Torah is dressed in

A

-tied with a Sash
-wrapped in Mantle (cloth cover)
-Metal Breastplate hung in front - represents breastplate worn by Temple Priests
-roller decorations have decorations called Rimonim

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9
Q

define Rimonim and its importance

A

-“pomegranates”
-pomegranates were believed to have 613 seed - each for a commandment in the Torah

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10
Q

define Menorah and Hanukkiah and its use

A

-7 branch lampstand what burns all the time in the temple - Menorah
-some have it, but most don’t - they believe it was originally designed for the temple only
-they have 9 branch lampstand - Hanukkiah- lit during the festival of Hannkkah

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11
Q

define Ner Tamid and its use

A

-“eternal light”
-lamp that always burns in front of Synagogue
-usually over the doors of the Ark
-represents the Menorah which was permanently lit in the Temple to symbolise the presence of God

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12
Q

define Star of David and its use

A

-most common Jewish symbols
-called Shield of David - believed to be on the shield of King David
- inside of Synagogue to for decoration / outside to show that its a Jewish place of worship

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13
Q

define Bimah and its use

A

-reading desk where the Sefer Torah is read
-on a raised platform and in the middle of Synagogue so everyone can hear Torah being read

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14
Q

define Yad and its use

A

-“hand” - tip is shaped like a pointing hand
-Pointer stick used when the Torah is read so ink is not damaged by greasy and sweaty hands

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15
Q

define Amud / Lectern and its use

A

-small reading desk to place the Rabbi or Hazzan’s notes on

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16
Q

define Women/s Gallery & its use

A

-Orthodox Jews will separate men and women during services - so thy concentrate on God and not each other
-Women usually sit upstairs in a Gallery / Balcony or a special section downstairs
-the special section has a barrier called Mechitzah

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17
Q

define Mechitzah

A

barrier in the special section of the Women’s Gallery

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18
Q

define Rabbi

A

-“teacher”
-Person who teaches the Torah to the congregation
-will often run mid-week classes at the Synagogue and spend a lot of time giving back to the community

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19
Q

define Hazzan

A
  • “cantor / singer”
    -Person who leads the prayers and hymns in a Synagogue
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20
Q

Name the 3 names of a Synagogue and its English meaning

A
  • Beit Knesset - “House of Gathering “
  • Beit Midrash - “House of Learning”
  • Beit Tefilah - “House of Prayer”
21
Q

What is different about the Rabbi and Hazzan in an Orthodox Synagogue than Reformed Synagogue

A

-Orthodox Synagogue- Rabbi and Hazzan has to be men
-Reformed Synagogue- Rabbi and Hazzan can be men or women

22
Q

How does Beit Knesset refer to a Synagogue

A
  • there is significance in community in Judaism
  • Synagogue acts as a community hub for Jew
    -Synagogue will often have rooms / spaces to hold gatherings
23
Q

How does Beit Midrash refer to a Synagogue

A

-Synagogue is an important place of education
-Can learn about scripture, Jewish history and Hebrew

24
Q

What is the Synagogue also called referring the Beit Midrash

A

-Shul - “School” in German

25
Q

What is the different between Orthodox and Reform Judaism

A

-Orthodox- try to stick to the Mitzvots as laid out in the Torah
-Reform- will try to adapt the Mitzvots to fit modern society

26
Q

How does Beit Tefilah refer to a Synagogue

A

-There will be weekly Shabbat services and rites of passages
Holds important festivals like Yom Kippur and Pesach

27
Q

Name the 6 importance of prayer

A

-is a duty as part of the covenant - reaffirmed in the Decalogue
-shows devotion
- is a Mitzvot
-keeps a person mindful of God’s presence throughout the day
- a praise to God
bring community together

28
Q

Give 5 example of public prayers

A

-Shabbat services
-Funeral
-Marriage
-Festivals
-Holocausts Memorial

29
Q

Give 5 example of private prayers

A

-Shabbat
-Festivals
-circumcision
-study
-Mourning period

30
Q

define Minyan

A

-Group of 10 or more Adult Jews that perform prayers in a Synagogue
-minimum of 10
-O - men
-R - men and women

31
Q

Describe the structure of a Synagogue service and what they do

A

-Introductory prayers - content depends on time / day / festival
-Barechu - official start
-Reciting the Shema - statement of Faith, considered most important in Jewish belief
-Blessing the Shema - celebrate freedom of Hebrew slaves, coming of Messiah, giving of the Torah, creation
-Amidah - say private prayer from Siddur, weekday services include praises of God, petition and prayer of Thanksgiving, On Shabbat or festivals, petition prayers are replaced with “Sanctification of the Day” prayers
-Reading the Torah - a Jew reads the Torah and the Rabbi explains the reading
-Concluding prayers - begins with Aleinu- pray for a time where no false idols exist and only God is praised by all, On Shabbat, Kaddish- anticipates the Messianic Age- is said, song is sung to end

32
Q

What are the 3 daily prayers

A

Shacharit, Minchah, Maariv

33
Q

define Shacharit and its importance

A

-First prayer of the day
-remembers when sacrifices in the Temple were made
-Time when Abraham chose to pray, he wanted to start his day with God
-Helps follow the commandment throughout the day

34
Q

define Minchah and its importance

A

-afternoon prayer
-remembers when sacrifices in the Temple were made
-interrupts your day which reminds you how important God is

35
Q

define Maariv and its importance

A

-evening prayer
-God is the last thing on their minds before going to sleep

36
Q

define Tallit and why Jew use it

A

-prayer shawl which represents the Mitzvot
-reminds Jews to obey God’s words

37
Q

define Tefillin

A

2 leather boxes containing the Shema which are worn on the head and upper arm

38
Q

What is the symbolism behind the placement of the Tefillin

A

-first box on head reminds Jews to fully concentrate on God when praying
-second box on heart reminds Jews that prayer must come from the heart

39
Q

What is the significance of the Kippah

A

-the Kippah is on the heads of Jewish men and shows humility that they recognise that God is above them

40
Q

define kappah

A

cap worn by Jewish men

41
Q

define mezuzah

A

a small ornate box placed on the doorstep of Jewish households and contains verses from the torah

42
Q

What is the significance of putting the Mezuzah on the door

A

When entering or leaving their house, reminds Jews to be faithful and obedient to God because they see the verses from the Sefer Torah

43
Q

define Mikvah

A

-women bathe in the Mikvah after childbirth or menstruating - touching blood is impure in Judaism, Jews don’t want to be impure and unclean when worshipping
-Men bathe in the Mikvah before their wedding
-A ceremony is held there when someone converts to Judaism

44
Q

What are the 4 important prayers in Judaism

A

-Shema
-Amidah
-Kaddish
-Aleinu

45
Q

define Shema

A

-declaration of faith said at the start of most prayers to remind Jews to only worship god
-most said prayer
-Deuteronomy 6:4-9
-reminder that Jew only pray to God (monotheistic belief)
-used at start of prayers
-3 main periods (Shacharit, MInchah, Maariv)

46
Q

define Amidah

A

-a part of Synagogue services which contains 19 blessings & means standing prayer
-19 blessings: 3 to praise God and ask for mercy, middle 13 for help, last 3 for thanking and praying for peace.
-on weekdays
-Middle 13 is not done during Shabbat because God rests that day.
-can be personal prayers or Hazzan will leave on behalf of congregation

47
Q

define Kaddish

A

-a part of Synagogue services & means doxology
-hymn of praise to God
-end of main section on Shabbat
-in Aramaic
-closing prayer

48
Q

define Aleinu

A

-a part of Synagogue services & means upon us
-focus on duty to praise God and hope that he will be worshipped by all
-closing prayer

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