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Re > J2 - beliefs and sacred writings > Flashcards

J2 - beliefs and sacred writings Flashcards

1
Q

2 parts of Jewish law

A

-written law
-oral law

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2
Q

define Tenakh

A

written law

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3
Q

what does the Tenakh consist of

A

-Torah
-Nevi’ im
-Ketuvim

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4
Q

how many mitzvots does the Torah contain

A

613

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5
Q

define Torah

A

-5 books of Moses which form the basis of Jewish law
-includes Genesis, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Exodus

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6
Q

define Nevi’ im

A

-8 prophetic books that continue to trace Jewish history and expand the laws on the Torah
-2 parts:
-former prophets: Joshua, Judge, Samuel 1 & 2, Kings 1 & 2
-Latter prophets: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, book containing 1 prophetic texts
-Prophetic texts- eg, Hosea, Amos, Micah

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7
Q

define Ketuvim

A

-11 books that contain poetry, stories, advise and historical accounts
-contains: Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Daniel, The five scrolls
-The five scrolls, Songs of Songs, Ruth, Esther, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes

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8
Q

define Talmud

A

-the Oral Law contains teachings on how to interpret Torah and how to apply it which were passed down from generations
-main parts from Palestine and Babylonia 1200 & 500 CE

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9
Q

define Mishnah

A

-doc containing text from the Oral Law from late 4th century to early 5th century CE
-has 6 sections

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10
Q

define Seder

A

name of each of the 6 sections in the Mishnah

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11
Q

why was the Mishnah written

A

-danger that the Talmud would be altered or misinterpret

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12
Q

define Gemare

A

-discussions on the Mishnah written down after 500 CE

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13
Q

why was the Gemare written

A

-the Mishnah caused a lot of debate

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14
Q

5 importance of Torah

A

-text are words of God- must follow
-texts are key source of wisdom and authority
-key part of Jewish identity and practice
-613 mitzvots binds them to God through the covenant
-refers to totality of Jewish law

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15
Q

what is the difference in following the Torah for Orthodox and Reformed

A

orthodox- follow mitzvots strictly
reformed- interpret guidance to fit into modern world- could be less strict

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16
Q

4 importance of Tenakh

A

-contains Torah
-forms basis of Jewish covenant and relationship with God
-Considered God’s words- Torah, writings, charting Jewish history
-root of all beliefs, practices and customs

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17
Q

4 importance of Talmud

A

-central text of Judaism
-provides community and helps understand Rabbinic interpretations
-considered duty for Jewish men to follow
-inspired by God

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18
Q

what does God’s oneness mean

A

he’s root of the universe

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19
Q

what does God being he creator and sustainer of all mean

A

-he makes laws according to his will and judges people based on them

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20
Q

Judaism is monotheistic so…

A

only God should be worshiped and praised

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21
Q

God is…

A

-omniscient
-omnipresent
-omnipotent
-eternal

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22
Q

3 roles of God

A

-creator
-judge
-lawmaker

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23
Q

what does God as a creator mean

A

-universe existed because of his will
-universe took 6 days to make:
-4 to make it support life
-2 to create all living things
-7ths day God rested and it is holy
-all Jews believe God sustains the universe- providing resources needed for life on earth to survive

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24
Q

what is the difference between reformed and orthodox when believing God as a creator

A

orthodox- believes god is creator and refuse scientific theories
reformed- believe god is creator but accept that the universe is older

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25
Q

what does God as a lawmaker mean

A

-God gave 613 mitzvots on how to behave to follow
-Decalogue is first of the 613

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26
Q

what does God as a judge mean

A

-God judges based on how well the mitzvots are followed
-his judgement is fair- merciful
-2 time he judges: Rosh Hashanah, after death

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27
Q

2 times where god judges

A

-Rosh Hashanah- judges people for their actions over the past year
-after death- decided how they spend their afterlife

28
Q

define Shekinah

A

Divine presence of God on earth

29
Q

define Tabernacle

A

portable temple with the Shekinah that Jews carried around

30
Q

when was the tabernacle replaced and by what

A

-after Canaan was conquered, it was replaced with Solomon’s temple

31
Q

how were the Jews led to Canaan

A

by a piler of fire or cloud

32
Q

define promised land

A

land of Canaan God promised to Abraham and his descendents

33
Q

define covenant

A

solemn promise/ agreement btw 2 people/ groups that requires commitment from both sides

34
Q

what is Abraham’s title

A

-father of many nations
-founder of Judaism

35
Q

what age did Abraham die

A

175

36
Q

Abraham life timeline

A

-Born in Ur in 19/20th century BC
-people worshiped false idols at that time
-Abraham was convinced there was only 1 God- tried to stop others from worshiping false idols
-Abraham and his wife left Ur to Canaan as God told them
-settled midway at Haran in Northen Mesopotamia
-continued to Canaan

37
Q

when and where was Abraham born

A

-Ur
-19/20th century BC

38
Q

what did Abraham try to do and why

A

-Abraham was convinced there was only 1 God- tried to stop others from worshiping false idols

39
Q

God’s promises to Abraham

A

-Give him land
-give him and his fam all they needed
-protect and reward Abraham
-free his descendants
-make his descendants a powerful nation

40
Q

Abraham’s promises to God

A

-move to Canaan with his fam
-love and obey God
-worship only God
-Sacrifice his son, Isaac
-change name

41
Q

did God and Abraham keep their promises

A

-yes
-Abraham was faithful to God
-God’s promises were later fulfilled

42
Q

how was the Covenant sealed

A

-Abraham accepted the covenant by circumcising himself and all males in his household (Genesis 17:11)

43
Q

verse to show covenant was sealed

A

Genesis 17:11

44
Q

what is importance of circumcision

A

-physical mark of covenant
-binds and units Jewish people
-Abraham accepting the covenant

45
Q

why is circumcision still done

A

-continuing sign of covenant

46
Q

Abraham’s influence to Judaism today

A

-he started the traditions
-role model to obey God (shows that obeying God is vital)
-shows that Jews have to trust God to make miracles happen

47
Q

how did Abraham show trust to God

A

-circumcising himself
-was willing to sacrifice his son, Isaac

48
Q

what test did God put on Abraham and did he pass

A

-God told Abraham to sacrifice his only son, Isaac
-Abraham was willing
-God stopped him right before sacrificing
-Showed that Abraham was faithful

49
Q

define Mount Sinai

A

where Moses received the 10 commandments

50
Q

define Decalogue

A

-first 10 commandments which is the foundations of all mitzvots

51
Q

what does the decalogue show

A

renewal of covenant with Abraham through Moses

52
Q

what are the first 4 commandments in the Decalogue in order

A

-You shall have no other Gods before Me
-You shall make no idols
-You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain
-Kept Shabbat day holy

53
Q

what are the later 6 commandments in the Decalogue in order

A

-Honor your father and mother
-You shall not murder
-You shall not commit adultery
-You shall not steal
-You shall not bear false witness against you neighbor
-You shall not convert

54
Q

what does the Decalogue do

A

-provide guidance on how to live in a society where people can liver peacefully while being faithful to God

55
Q

what does the 4 commandments in Decalogue focus on

A

-relationship with God
-set foundation on how Jews are expected to honor and worship God

56
Q

what does the 6 commandments in Decalogue focus on

A

-ethical behavior and conduct with others

57
Q

importance of commandment 1

A

-commits to monotheism
-Jews can only worship God

58
Q

importance of commandment 2

A

-extends monotheistic belief in commandment 1
-no false idols worshiped

59
Q

importance of commandment 3

A

-forbit misuse of God’s name
-ensures He is show respect and honor

60
Q

How is God’s name referred to and why

A

-Hashem (the name)
-Adonai (Lord)
-careful to follow commandment 3

61
Q

importance of commandment 4

A

-God is honored through Observing Shabbat
-rest and devote to God
-seen as gift to Jews after being rescued from slavery

62
Q

importance of commandment 5- 10

A

-seen as heart of Jewish morality

63
Q

Decalogue’s impact on the covenant

A

-shows commitment to covenant by being faithful and following Decalogue
-beginning of 613 mitzvots

64
Q

how many years after covenant formed were Hebrews slaves

A

400

65
Q

Moses life timeline

A

-400 year after covenant - Israelites became slaves
-raised by Pharaoh’s wife after found in basket in River Nile
-didn’t like Hebrews being slaves
-killed an Egyptian soldier and eft Royal Palace
-told Pharoah to free Hebrews on behalf of God but was rejected
-God sent out 10 plagues and Pharaoh’s son died- he finally let them go
-about 3 mil Jews escaped when God parted the Sea of Reeds (red sea)
-Moses led them to Canaan
-he got the Decalogue
-died in Moab before reaching Canaan
-Joshua was chosen to lead through Jordan River to Canaan
-Jews settle there after many battle, including one in Jericho

66
Q

how was Moses found

A

Pharaohs wife found him after his mother had left him in a basket in River Nile after Pharoah said all Jewish baby boys will be killed

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