J3 - festivals and holy sites Flashcards
is Shabbat is festival
no
define Shabbat
Jewish day of rest which symbolises God’s rest on the 7th day
when does Shabbat start and end
-Friday sunset
-Saturday sunset
where is Shabbat specifically commended
-Shabbat is the only Holy day commanded in the Decalogue
verse to show importance of Shabbat
- Exodus 20: 8-11
-“Remember the Shabbat day by keeping it Holy. 6 days you shall labor and do all your work, but the 7th day is Shabbat to the Lord your God. … Therefore the Lord blessed the Shabbat day and made it holy”
verses to show importance of Shabbat
-Genesis 2: 1-3
-Exodus 20: 8-11
verse to show importance of Shabbat
-Genesis 2:1-3
-“By the 7th day, God had God had finished the work he had been doing ; so on the 7th day he rested rom all his work
when are Shabbat services at Synagogue usually at
Saturday morning
when is Shabbat at home usually at
Friday evening
is cleaning the house and preparing food considered working
yes
is using or switching on electrical devices considered work
yes
prep for before Shabbat
-house is cleaned and food is prepared
-prepare beforehand not to use or switch on electrical devices
-attend service in synagogue before Shabbat starts
how many mins before Shabbat starts is the candle lit
18 mins
who lights the candle on Shabbat and why
-usually mother
-to welcome Shabbat
What does the mother do on Shabbat
-light candle 18 mins before Shabbat - welcome Shabbat
-says blessing
-prays to God to bless her fam during Shabbat
what blessing does the mother say on Shabbat
-“Blessed are You, Lord, our God, King of the universe, who sanctifies us with His commandments and commands us to light the candles of Shabbat”
define Shabbat blessing and what is it done over
Kiddush is done over wine
What does the father do on Shabbat
-Blesses children and recites Kiddush over wine
why do Jews wash their hands before the meal on Shabbat
it’s a sign of purification
who uncovers the challah bread on Shabbat
head of household
what happens to the Challah bread on Shabbat
-cut by head of household
-dipped in salt
-passed to everyone
what happens after each course of meal on Shabbat
-scriptures and stories are told to children
-hymns sung
what happens at the end of the Shabbat meal
-prayer of thanks
what happens during the Friday meal on Shabbat
-mothers roles
-father roles
-head of household role
-scriptures, stories told to children and hymns sung
-prayer of thanks at end
define Kabbalat Shabbat mean
Welcoming of Shabbat
what are the 4 usually Synagogue services on Shabbat
-Shacharit
-Musaf
-Mincha
-Ma’ariv
how are the Synagogue services on Shabbat done
-without intersession
-procession of Sefer Torah
-sermon from Rabbi
what do Jews also do on Synagogue services on Shabbat
-help children learn about Torah or Judaism
6 actions done in Synagogue services on Shabbat in order
-Congregation stand when the Ark is opened to reveal the Torah scrolls
-Torah is taken from Ark and dressed
-Torah is held in front of congregation while verses are chanted
-it is paraded round the synagogue
-Touch Torah with prayer books or tassels and lips when it it passes through the synagogue
-after reading is finished to be put into Ark
-Rabbit gives sermon
significance of -Congregation stand when the Ark is opened to reveal the Torah scrolls
-reminder of how Jews stood at the bottom of Mount Sinai when Moses got Decalogue
significance of -Torah is taken from Ark and dressed with a cover and various other ornaments such as a crown and a belt
reminder of Vestments priests used to wear in early Judaism
significance of -Torah is held in front of congregation while verses are chanted; it is them paraded round the synagogue
-represents original march through the wilderness when Hebrews carried the original Ark from Mount Sinai to Jerusalem
verses which show significance of -Touch Torah with prayer books or tassels and lips when it it passes through the synagogue
-Ezekiel 3:3 which tells that God’s words should be on their lips
define vestments
robes
why are shabbat ritual important at home
-lighting candles - welcomes Shabbat
-wash hands - purifying self
-foods have significance
-family is important - do Shabbat tgt
why are shabbat ritual important at Synoagogue
-read Torah - reflect to what God did in Exodus
-whole congregation makes effort to worship God
-Worshiping God is important - so have to go Synagogue
define Rosh Hashanah
-Jewish new year, a day of repentance and means “head of the year”
-time to reflect on last year and make amends with people & God
how many days btw Rosh Hashanah & Yom Kippur & do what btw that time
10, apologise to those they have wronged & forgiving is until Yom Kippur
rituals of Rosh Hashanah
-Shacharit & Musaf services in Synagogue
-Amidah service is longer
-Shofar is blown - 100 - & prayers are said at Musaf
-Read story of Abraham & Isaac
-Teshuvah - important to say sorry to God
-Tashlich
orthodox views on shofar
-actual shofar must be blown, not recording
verse to show importance of Shofar
-Numbers 29:1
-“And in the 7th month, on the 1st day of the month, ye shall have a holy convocation; ye shall do no manner of service work; it is a day of blowing the horn unto you”
define Teshuvah
-time for repentance during Rosh Hashanah
Define Tashlich
-ritual where pebbles/ bread are thrown in rivers and symbolizes casting off their sins
verse to show Tashlich
-Micah 7:19
-“He will again have compassion upon us; he will subdue our iniquities; And Thou wilt cast all their sins into the depths of the sea.
significance of sweet foods during Rosh Hashanah
-hoping God blesses them with a sweeet new year
traditional foods in Rosh Hashanah & their symbolism
-apples dipped in honey
-pomegranate = gratefulness for being alive & able to food the world has to offer
-Challah = continuity
-Honey cake = desire for sweet next year
-Fish = fertility & abundance
-Dates = ending prejudice, Torah refers to Israel as “land flowing with milk and honey” means date honey
verse to show significance of dates
-Exodus 3:8
-“land flowing with milk and honey” means date honey
define Yom Kippur
-a Jewish festival to ask God for forgiveness & means “Day of Atonement”
-Holiest day
what do Jews do before Yom Kippur
-say sorry to people they hurt so God can forgive them
What happens in Synogogue during Yom Kippur
-5 service prayers that focus on confession & forgiveness
-Congregation stands during Ne’ilah & Ark is open throughout = God’s mercy is opening
-final chances to confess their sins before Ark is closed = represent sealing God’s judgement
-At end of the day, Shofar is blown to show end of Yom Kippur & fast
Rules in Yom Kippur
-no work
-fast 25h unless ill, pregnant, breastfeeding & elderly
-no wearing leather shoes
no washing
-no makeup/ perfume/ lotion
-wear white = symbollize purity
which prayer is said at Yom Kippur
-Kol Nidre is as solemn prayer & sung 3 times
verse to show why jews fast on Yom Kippur
-Numbers 29:7
-“afflict the soul”
why is there rules for Yom Kippur
-from Biblical rules for Days of fasting & repentance
why no work on Yom Kippur
-book of Leviticus commands
significance of Yom Kippur
-denying material things shows focus on spiritual needs
-restoring relationship with God
define Pesach
-Hebrew for the feast of “Passover” & is 8 day long
-celebrated annually
Exodus story
-Moses’ life
-at last plague:
-the “Angel of Death” would Passover & those who had blood of sacrificed lamb on their doorsteps- their first born son were safe
10 plagues
-River NIle turned into blood
-Frogs
-Gnats
-flies
-livestock died
-Egyptians & livestock had boils on them
-Hail destroyed everything
-locusts
-darkness
-first born sons
importance of Pesach
celebrates:
-Start of the Jewish nation.
-Freedom from slavery.
-Entering the Promised Land of Canaan.
-Jews receiving the law that made them God’s people.
-The times when God remembered and protected them.
focus during Pesach
-remember their past
-hopeful like the Israelites
-holding a strong faith
-teach children about Pesach
-car of each other like the Israelites did
preparation for Pesach
-donate
-clean house = no leaven
-Bedikat Chametz
-Pesach Prayers in morning
-First born son goes to study section on Talmud by Rabbi at Synagogue
-special kitchen tools
-new clothes
define Bedikat Chametz
-tradition where hidden bread is found by children & burnt on Pesach
-burning bread = no leaven bread
define Sedar Meal
-first meal Jews have on Pesach
-the Haggadah is read
-drink 4 cups of wine = 4 languages of redemption in Exodus 6: 6-7
-slipt 10 droplets of wine = 10 plagues
-eat food according to Exodus Story
-contains hymns, readings & prayer
define Haggadah
prayer book including the Exodus Story read during the Sedar meal
verse showing why to drink 4 cups of wine on Pesach
-Exodus 6: 6-7
food on Sedar plate & symbolism
-Zeroah = sacrificed lamb on Passover, thank God for letting their children live
-Matzah = no time for the bread to rise when the Israelites brought them during the escape from Egypt
-Beitzah = circle of life, new soul after the escape
-Maror = bitter times during slavery
-Charoset = mortar used to make bricks
-Karpas = new life after escape - renewal
-Salt water = tears of Israelites
define Sukkot
The feast of tabernacles & means tents
define Shavuot
Festival of weeks, originally a wheat harvest festival but
now more focused on the delivery of the Torah to Israel.
verse for Sukkot
-Leviticus 23: 42-43
-“Ye shall dwell ins booths seven days; all that are home-born in Israel shall ddwell in booths; that your generations may know that I made the Children of Israel to dwell in booths, when i brought them out the land of Egypt: I am the LORD, your God”
why is Sukkot a pilgrimage festival
during temple times, jews traveled to Jerusalem to celebrate it
what does Torah command on Sukkot
-build shelters & live in them for 7 days
how do orthodox jews interoperate the torah on Sukkot
-men should sleep & eat in the shelters
significance of Sukkot
-remember how the Israelites lives in shelters after exodus
how is the sukkah made
-sides are made from wood
-roof made out of branches
-spices be waved at Sukkah
-4 spices inside
4 spices in a sukkah
-Etrog = citrus fruit
-Lulav = ripe closed fond from a date palm
-Hadass = myrtle boughs with leaves
-Aravah = willow branches with leaves
define sukkah
shelter made during sukkot
define Hoshana
-7th day of Sukkot & means “Great Supplication”
-involves special Synagogue services
mitzvah for Shavuot
-no work
define mingagim
-customs on Shavuot:
-eat dairy
-read Book of Ruth
-decorated home & Synagogue with greenery
-study torah all night
define Simchat Torah
-festival a day after Sukkot & means “rejoicing the Torah”
significance of Simchat Torah
-shows importance & ambition of jews to understand God’s words better
practices for Simchat Torah
-Torah scrolls are removed from Ark & paraded around 7 times
-children wave flags during procession
-singing, dancing & sweets to children
-joyful nature = joy of Israelites when they God’s words were given to them
define Yad vashem
-official Holocaust remembrance centre in Jerusalem
significance of Yad Vashem
-commemorates Jews who died in the Holocaust
-teaches future generation about Holocaust
-honors those who died
why may Yad Vashem be challenging to visit
-details abt killing are too gruesome
-uncomfortable talking abt violent topics
-far to visit
define Ha-Kotel Ha-Ma’aravi (wailing wall)
-Western Wall
-place of prayer & pilgrimage in Jerusalem
-only wall of Temple Mount left
who destroyed the temple in Jerusalem
1 - Babylonians
2 - Romans
significance of the Temple in Jerusalem
-devotion started very early & affirms that the divine presence never leaves the Western Wall
-lament destruction of the Temple so lips of paper with wishes & prayers are placed in cracks of Western wall
-holy site & where God’s presence dwelled
