J3 - festivals and holy sites Flashcards
1
Q
is Shabbat is festival
A
no
2
Q
define Shabbat
A
Jewish day of rest which symbolises God’s rest on the 7th day
3
Q
when does Shabbat start and end
A
-Friday sunset
-Saturday sunset
4
Q
where is Shabbat specifically commended
A
-Shabbat is the only Holy day commanded in the Decalogue
5
Q
verse to show importance of Shabbat
A
- Exodus 20: 8-11
-“Remember the Shabbat day by keeping it Holy. 6 days you shall labor and do all your work, but the 7th day is Shabbat to the Lord your God. … Therefore the Lord blessed the Shabbat day and made it holy”
6
Q
verses to show importance of Shabbat
A
-Genesis 2: 1-3
-Exodus 20: 8-11
7
Q
verse to show importance of Shabbat
A
-Genesis 2:1-3
-“By the 7th day, God had God had finished the work he had been doing ; so on the 7th day he rested rom all his work
8
Q
when are Shabbat services at Synagogue usually at
A
Saturday morning
9
Q
when is Shabbat at home usually at
A
Friday evening
10
Q
is cleaning the house and preparing food considered working
A
yes
11
Q
is using or switching on electrical devices considered work
A
yes
12
Q
prep for before Shabbat
A
-house is cleaned and food is prepared
-prepare beforehand not to use or switch on electrical devices
-attend service in synagogue before Shabbat starts
13
Q
how many mins before Shabbat starts is the candle lit
A
18 mins
14
Q
who lights the candle on Shabbat and why
A
-usually mother
-to welcome Shabbat
15
Q
What does the mother do on Shabbat
A
-light candle 18 mins before Shabbat - welcome Shabbat
-says blessing
-prays to God to bless her fam during Shabbat
16
Q
what blessing does the mother say on Shabbat
A
-“Blessed are You, Lord, our God, King of the universe, who sanctifies us with His commandments and commands us to light the candles of Shabbat”
17
Q
define Shabbat blessing and what is it done over
A
Kiddush is done over wine
18
Q
What does the father do on Shabbat
A
-Blesses children and recites Kiddush over wine
19
Q
why do Jews wash their hands before the meal on Shabbat
A
it’s a sign of purification
20
Q
who uncovers the challah bread on Shabbat
A
head of household
21
Q
what happens to the Challah bread on Shabbat
A
-cut by head of household
-dipped in salt
-passed to everyone
22
Q
what happens after each course of meal on Shabbat
A
-scriptures and stories are told to children
-hymns sung
23
Q
what happens at the end of the Shabbat meal
A
-prayer of thanks
24
Q
what happens during the Friday meal on Shabbat
A
-mothers roles
-father roles
-head of household role
-scriptures, stories told to children and hymns sung
-prayer of thanks at end
25
define Kabbalat Shabbat mean
Welcoming of Shabbat
26
what are the 4 usually Synagogue services on Shabbat
-Shacharit
-Musaf
-Mincha
-Ma'ariv
27
how are the Synagogue services on Shabbat done
-without intersession
-procession of Sefer Torah
-sermon from Rabbi
28
what do Jews also do on Synagogue services on Shabbat
-help children learn about Torah or Judaism
29
6 actions done in Synagogue services on Shabbat in order
-Congregation stand when the Ark is opened to reveal the Torah scrolls
-Torah is taken from Ark and dressed
-Torah is held in front of congregation while verses are chanted
-it is paraded round the synagogue
-Touch Torah with prayer books or tassels and lips when it it passes through the synagogue
-after reading is finished to be put into Ark
-Rabbit gives sermon
30
significance of -Congregation stand when the Ark is opened to reveal the Torah scrolls
-reminder of how Jews stood at the bottom of Mount Sinai when Moses got Decalogue
31
significance of -Torah is taken from Ark and dressed with a cover and various other ornaments such as a crown and a belt
reminder of Vestments priests used to wear in early Judaism
32
significance of -Torah is held in front of congregation while verses are chanted; it is them paraded round the synagogue
-represents original march through the wilderness when Hebrews carried the original Ark from Mount Sinai to Jerusalem
33
verses which show significance of -Touch Torah with prayer books or tassels and lips when it it passes through the synagogue
-Ezekiel 3:3 which tells that God's words should be on their lips
34
define vestments
robes
35
why are shabbat ritual important at home
-lighting candles - welcomes Shabbat
-wash hands - purifying self
-foods have significance
-family is important - do Shabbat tgt
36
why are shabbat ritual important at Synoagogue
-read Torah - reflect to what God did in Exodus
-whole congregation makes effort to worship God
-Worshiping God is important - so have to go Synagogue
37
define Rosh Hashanah
-Jewish new year, a day of repentance and means "head of the year"
-time to reflect on last year and make amends with people & God
38
how many days btw Rosh Hashanah & Yom Kippur & do what btw that time
10, apologise to those they have wronged & forgiving is until Yom Kippur
39
rituals of Rosh Hashanah
-Shacharit & Musaf services in Synagogue
-Amidah service is longer
-Shofar is blown - 100 - & prayers are said at Musaf
-Read story of Abraham & Isaac
-Teshuvah - important to say sorry to God
-Tashlich
40
orthodox views on shofar
-actual shofar must be blown, not recording
41
verse to show importance of Shofar
-Numbers 29:1
-"And in the 7th month, on the 1st day of the month, ye shall have a holy convocation; ye shall do no manner of service work; it is a day of blowing the horn unto you"
42
define Teshuvah
-time for repentance during Rosh Hashanah
43
Define Tashlich
-ritual where pebbles/ bread are thrown in rivers and symbolizes casting off their sins
44
verse to show Tashlich
-Micah 7:19
-"He will again have compassion upon us; he will subdue our iniquities; And Thou wilt cast all their sins into the depths of the sea.
45
significance of sweet foods during Rosh Hashanah
-hoping God blesses them with a sweeet new year
46
traditional foods in Rosh Hashanah & their symbolism
-apples dipped in honey
-pomegranate = gratefulness for being alive & able to food the world has to offer
-Challah = continuity
-Honey cake = desire for sweet next year
-Fish = fertility & abundance
-Dates = ending prejudice, Torah refers to Israel as "land flowing with milk and honey" means date honey
47
verse to show significance of dates
-Exodus 3:8
-"land flowing with milk and honey" means date honey
48
define Yom Kippur
-a Jewish festival to ask God for forgiveness & means "Day of Atonement"
-Holiest day
49
what do Jews do before Yom Kippur
-say sorry to people they hurt so God can forgive them
50
What happens in Synogogue during Yom Kippur
-5 service prayers that focus on confession & forgiveness
-Congregation stands during Ne'ilah & Ark is open throughout = God's mercy is opening
-final chances to confess their sins before Ark is closed = represent sealing God's judgement
-At end of the day, Shofar is blown to show end of Yom Kippur & fast
51
Rules in Yom Kippur
-no work
-fast 25h unless ill, pregnant, breastfeeding & elderly
-no wearing leather shoes
no washing
-no makeup/ perfume/ lotion
-wear white = symbollize purity
52
which prayer is said at Yom Kippur
-Kol Nidre is as solemn prayer & sung 3 times
53
verse to show why jews fast on Yom Kippur
-Numbers 29:7
-"afflict the soul"
54
why is there rules for Yom Kippur
-from Biblical rules for Days of fasting & repentance
55
why no work on Yom Kippur
-book of Leviticus commands
56
significance of Yom Kippur
-denying material things shows focus on spiritual needs
-restoring relationship with God
57
define Pesach
-Hebrew for the feast of "Passover" & is 8 day long
-celebrated annually
58
Exodus story
-Moses' life
-at last plague:
-the "Angel of Death" would Passover & those who had blood of sacrificed lamb on their doorsteps- their first born son were safe
59
10 plagues
-River NIle turned into blood
-Frogs
-Gnats
-flies
-livestock died
-Egyptians & livestock had boils on them
-Hail destroyed everything
-locusts
-darkness
-first born sons
60
importance of Pesach
celebrates:
-Start of the Jewish nation.
-Freedom from slavery.
-Entering the Promised Land of Canaan.
-Jews receiving the law that made them God’s people.
-The times when God remembered and protected them.
61
focus during Pesach
-remember their past
-hopeful like the Israelites
-holding a strong faith
-teach children about Pesach
-car of each other like the Israelites did
62
preparation for Pesach
-donate
-clean house = no leaven
-Bedikat Chametz
-Pesach Prayers in morning
-First born son goes to study section on Talmud by Rabbi at Synagogue
-special kitchen tools
-new clothes
63
define Bedikat Chametz
-tradition where hidden bread is found by children & burnt on Pesach
-burning bread = no leaven bread
64
define Sedar Meal
-first meal Jews have on Pesach
-the Haggadah is read
-drink 4 cups of wine = 4 languages of redemption in Exodus 6: 6-7
-slipt 10 droplets of wine = 10 plagues
-eat food according to Exodus Story
-contains hymns, readings & prayer
65
define Haggadah
prayer book including the Exodus Story read during the Sedar meal
66
verse showing why to drink 4 cups of wine on Pesach
-Exodus 6: 6-7
67
food on Sedar plate & symbolism
-Zeroah = sacrificed lamb on Passover, thank God for letting their children live
-Matzah = no time for the bread to rise when the Israelites brought them during the escape from Egypt
-Beitzah = circle of life, new soul after the escape
-Maror = bitter times during slavery
-Charoset = mortar used to make bricks
-Karpas = new life after escape - renewal
-Salt water = tears of Israelites
68
define Sukkot
The feast of tabernacles & means tents
69
define Shavuot
Festival of weeks, originally a wheat harvest festival but
now more focused on the delivery of the Torah to Israel.
70
verse for Sukkot
-Leviticus 23: 42-43
-"Ye shall dwell ins booths seven days; all that are home-born in Israel shall ddwell in booths; that your generations may know that I made the Children of Israel to dwell in booths, when i brought them out the land of Egypt: I am the LORD, your God"
71
why is Sukkot a pilgrimage festival
during temple times, jews traveled to Jerusalem to celebrate it
72
what does Torah command on Sukkot
-build shelters & live in them for 7 days
73
how do orthodox jews interoperate the torah on Sukkot
-men should sleep & eat in the shelters
74
significance of Sukkot
-remember how the Israelites lives in shelters after exodus
75
how is the sukkah made
-sides are made from wood
-roof made out of branches
-spices be waved at Sukkah
-4 spices inside
76
4 spices in a sukkah
-Etrog = citrus fruit
-Lulav = ripe closed fond from a date palm
-Hadass = myrtle boughs with leaves
-Aravah = willow branches with leaves
77
define sukkah
shelter made during sukkot
78
define Hoshana
-7th day of Sukkot & means "Great Supplication"
-involves special Synagogue services
79
mitzvah for Shavuot
-no work
80
define mingagim
-customs on Shavuot:
-eat dairy
-read Book of Ruth
-decorated home & Synagogue with greenery
-study torah all night
81
define Simchat Torah
-festival a day after Sukkot & means "rejoicing the Torah"
82
significance of Simchat Torah
-shows importance & ambition of jews to understand God's words better
83
practices for Simchat Torah
-Torah scrolls are removed from Ark & paraded around 7 times
-children wave flags during procession
-singing, dancing & sweets to children
-joyful nature = joy of Israelites when they God's words were given to them
84
define Yad vashem
-official Holocaust remembrance centre in Jerusalem
85
significance of Yad Vashem
-commemorates Jews who died in the Holocaust
-teaches future generation about Holocaust
-honors those who died
86
why may Yad Vashem be challenging to visit
-details abt killing are too gruesome
-uncomfortable talking abt violent topics
-far to visit
86
define Ha-Kotel Ha-Ma'aravi (wailing wall)
-Western Wall
-place of prayer & pilgrimage in Jerusalem
-only wall of Temple Mount left
87
who destroyed the temple in Jerusalem
1 - Babylonians
2 - Romans
88
significance of the Temple in Jerusalem
-devotion started very early & affirms that the divine presence never leaves the Western Wall
-lament destruction of the Temple so lips of paper with wishes & prayers are placed in cracks of Western wall
-holy site & where God's presence dwelled
