IV fluids

Question 1

what are the categories of fluids

Answer 1

Isotonic
Hypotonic
hypertonic

Question 2

Isotonic fluids

Answer 2

expand both the intracellular and the extracellular fluid spaces equally.

Question 3

0.9% saline

Answer 3

expands the extracellular volume

Question 4

dextrose 5% in water

Answer 4

Is isotonic and then hypotonic once metabolized. Should be avoided in intracranial pressure patients as it can cause cerebral edema.

Question 5

lactated ringers 5% dextrose solution (heartmans sollution) what does it contain?

Answer 5

ISOTONIC
sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and bicarbonate precursors to prevent acidosis.

Metabolizes in the liver, which converts lactate to bicarbonate so should not be used in patients who cant break down lactate (renal disease, lactate acidosis) and heart failure.

Question 6

Ringers sollution

Answer 6

Has the same properties as heartmans but does not contain lactate.

Question 7

what is the roll of hypotonic fluids

Answer 7

they contain less osmosisity and move fluid from extracellular to intracellular to achieve homeostasis. However the cell may rupture and burst.

They are used for: excretion of bodily waste, replace cellular fluids and dehydration.

Question 8

0.45% sodium chloride used for?

Answer 8

Hypotonic and replaces fluids in patients with hypovolemia

Question 9

what type of concentration do isotonic solutions contain

Answer 9

the same volume of solutes as blood plasma

Question 10

what type of concentration do hypotonic solutions contain

Answer 10

have a lesser concentration of solutes than blood plasma

Question 11

what type of concentration do hypertonic solutions contain

Answer 11

have more concentration of solutes than blood plasma

Question 12

examples of hypertonic sollutions

Answer 12

3% saline

5% saline

Question 13

what is dextrose 50% in water used for

Answer 13

used to treat hypoglycemia and is administered rapidly via IV bolus