Diabetes

Question 1

what is glucose stored as in the liver

Answer 1

glycogon

Question 2

when can glucose not enter the cell

Answer 2

when there is no insuline to help it enter the cell and leave the blood stream

Question 3

where is insuline stored

Answer 3

in the beta cells in the pancrease

Question 4

Explain what happens in a normal person when blood sugar is high

Answer 4

Pancreas releases insuline– causes glucose to enter cells or saved in the liver as glycogon as liver

Question 5

Explain what happens in a normal person when blood sugar is low

Answer 5

pancreas releases glucogon– the liver will release glucogen– turns it into glucose.

Question 6

what does the liver store

Answer 6

glycogen

Question 7

what does the pancrease store

Answer 7

insuline and glucogon

Question 8

Hypoglycemia treatments

Answer 8

Fast acting simple carbs- sugar, honey, dextrose

D50- 50% dextrose IV

Question 9

what are the organ issues with diabetes

Answer 9

arteriosclerosis when glucose sticks to the vessle walls
artheriosclerosis also causing plaques- heart disease, MI, strokes from weakning of vessles, hypertension, increasing resistance of vessles. decreased wound healing from decreased compromised vessles.

Question 10

what is DKA and which type does it occour in

Answer 10

Type 1 (burning ketones because they dont have any insuline) 
Diabetic Keto Acidosis

Question 11

what is the difference between type 1 and type 2

Answer 11

type 1 dont have any insuline at all

type 2 have insuline resistance due to cell damage or age

Question 12

symptoms of DKA

Answer 12

excessive thirst
frequent urination
nausea/vomiting
breathlessness

Question 13

How is DKA diagnosed

Answer 13

Blood gasses to see if the blood is acidic
full blood count including potasium and sodium to check metabolic function
chest x-ray to look for signs of infection

Question 14

HHS

Answer 14

common in type 2. High blood sugars without the presence of ketones.

Question 15

Polyurea

Answer 15

polyurea - frequent urination.
Water moves to lower concentration where glucose is. It leaves the cell and travels to the blood stream and in turn makes the kidneys produce urine.

Question 16

Polydypsea

Answer 16

Excsessive thirst due to polyurea

Question 17

Polyphasia

Answer 17

Extreme hunger due to burning ketones

Question 18

what are the symptoms in type 1 diabetics for hypoglycemia

Answer 18

3 P’s
polyurea
polydypsea
polyphasia

Question 19

what is the phenumonic for signs in type 1 and type 2

Answer 19

SUGAR
slow wound healing
blUry vision
Glycosuria (glucose leaking into urine)
Acitone breath- only type 1 
rashes on the skin

Question 20

acitone breath is present in which type?

Answer 20

type 1

Question 21

which type is ketones present in the urine?

Answer 21

type 1 only

Question 22

why might insuline need to be adjusted?

Answer 22

Insulin dosage should be reduced when fasting for surgery, when not eating, or when hypoglycemia occurs. Illness or infection may increase insulin requirements.

Question 23

what is the rationale for diet and lifestyle advice for diabetics?

Answer 23

A diet low in fat and high in fiber helps to control cholesterol and triglycerides

Question 24

why is skin integrity and checking for it important in diabetes

Answer 24

reduced sensitisation increases the likely hood of burns, cuts and abrasions that are left un-noticed

Question 25

interventions for skin integrity in a diabetic?

Answer 25

Do not walk bare food- can lead to trauma

Wash feet daily and cut toe nails straight- reduces ingrown toe nails and infection

change socks daily and wear white ones- reduces infection and can see abrasions easily.

skin assessment daily- checking for neuropathy or pressure on thin skin areas as theyre at risk of ulceration.

wearng space boots, foot cradles and pressure relief matress to prevent pressure.

Question 26

desired outcomes/goals for diabetic patients

Answer 26

Patient to demonstrate effective foot/ skin care that remains in tact.

patient to demonstrate knowledge on the symptoms of hypo and hyperglycemia and diet independently.

Minimising sensory impairment disturbances linked with delirium in hospital- schedule routines, promote sleep etc.

Increase energy levels if fatigued

Discuss ways of conserving energy while bathing, transferring, and so on

Increase participation in ADL’s as tollerated

Increase awareness of infection- educate patients to look for signs of infection