IUGS Flashcards
nomenclature the term “igneous rock” is taken to mean
“Massige Gesteine”
Mineral groups used for modal classification for plutonic rocks
Q = Qtz, Tridymite, Cristobalite
A =Kfelds [An0-5]
P = Plagioclase [An5-100], Scapolite
F = Feldspathoids
M = Mafics.
CIPW meaning
Cross, Iddings, Pirsson, and Washington
hyalo-Ne basanite
Limburgite
Prefixes for rocks with glass
0 – 20 glass-bearing
20 – 50 glass-rich
50 – 80 glassy
If the pyroclastic fragments have been altered they are _________ or ________ if thier pyroclastic origin is uncertain
reworked pyroclasts; epiclasts
pyroclasts of any shape with a mean diameter of 64 mm to 2 mm
lapili
pyroclasts with a mean diameter of less than 2 mm
ash grains
pyroclasts the mean diameter of which exceeds 64 mm and whose angular to subangular shape indicates that they were solid during their formation.
Blocks
pyroclasts the mean diameter of which exceeds 64 mm and whose shape or surface (e.g. bread-crust surface) indicates that they were in a wholly or partly molten condition during their formation and subsequent transport
Bombs
Consolidated pyroclast are? Unconsolidated?
Pyroclastic rocks; tephra
a pyroclastic rock in which
bombs > 75%.
Agglomerate
a pyroclastic rock in which blocks > 75%.
Pyroclastic Breccia
pyroclastic rock in which bombs and/or blocks range in amount from 25% to 75%.
Tuff breccia
pyroclastic rock in which bombs and/or blocks < 25%, and both lapilli and ash < 75%.
Lapilli tuff
a pyroclastic rock in which lapilli > 75%.
lapilistone
a pyroclastic rock in which ash > 75%.
Tuff or ash tuff
rocks which contain both pyroclastic and
normal clastic (epiclastic) material
tuffites
rock contains more than 50% modal carbonates
carbonatites
coarse grained rock from calcite-carbonatite
sovite
medium to fine grained rock from calcite-carbonatite
alvikite
the main carbonate is dolomite.
Dolomite - Carbonatite
AKA Beforsite
the main carbonate is iron-rich, less than 20% silica
Ferrocarbonatite
carbonatites essentially composed of sodium, potassium, and calcium carbonates.
Natrocarbonatite
rock type found in Oldoinyo Lengai, Tanzania
Natrocarbonatite
the main carbonate is Mg rich, less than 20% silica
Magnesiocarbonatite
the main carbonate is Ca rich, less than 20% silica
Calciocarbonatite
Carbonatite >20% silica
silicocarbonatite
The general term for plutonic melilite-bearing rocks is ______, and for volcanic melilitebearing rocks it is _
melilitolite;
melilitite
melilitolites with melilite > 65% be termed
“ultramelilitolites”.
perovskite > 10%; melilite <65%
-Kugdite
-Afrikandite
-Okaite
afrikandite
olivine> 10%; melilite <65%
-tujarite
-uncompahgrite
-kugdite
kugdite
haüyne> 10%; melilite <65%
-unconpahgrite
-okaite
-Tjarite
okaite
nepheline> 10%; melilite <65%
-afrikandite
-okaite
-tujarite
tujarite
pyroxene> 10%; melilite <65%
- uncompahgrite
- kugdite
- afrikandite
uncompahgrite
volcanic rocks w/ kalsilite and absence of leucite/melilite? plutonic?
Kalsilitite; Pyroxenite
A name for the distinctive series of consanguineous rocks katungite, mafurite and ugandite
Presence of kalsilite, leucite, and melilite
Kamafugite
Other term of kalsilite syenite
synnyrite
Other term of kalsitite-biotite-pyroxenite
yakutite
Historical name of Ol-Px kalsitite
Mafurite
Historical name of Px-Ol leucite
Ugandite
Historical name of melilite with:
Leu-Ol?
Phl-Ol?
Phl?
Katungite
Venanzite
Coppaelite
the diamond-bearing, porphyritic mica peridotites of the Kimberley area of South Africa
Kimberlites
group of volatile rich (dominantly CO2) potassic ultrabasic rocks commonly exhibiting a distinctive inequigranular texture
group I kimberlites
belong to a clan of ultrapotassic, peralkaline volatile-rich (dominantly H2O) rocks, characterized by phlogopite macrocrysts and microphenocrysts, together with groundmass micas which vary in composition
group II kimberlites (or orangeites)
Macrocryst foundin group I kimberlites
Olivine
Mineralogically they are characterized by the presence of widely varying amounts (5 – 90 vol %) of
phenocrystic phlogophites, richterite grounndmass, forsteritic Ol, Diopside, Fe Leucite, Fe sanidine
Lamproites
Chemical characterisitcs of lamproites
Ultrapotassic (K2O/Na2O >3)
Peralkaline ([K2O+Na2O] /Al2O3 >1)
which are hyalo Lamproites
- Verite, Fortunite
- Orendite, Madupite
- Fortunite, Cancalite
- Verite, Fortunite
Madupitic Lamproites
-Cedricite, Verite, Cancalite
-Jumilite, Fitzroyite, Madupite
-Madupite, Wolgidite, Jumilite
-Madupite, Wolgidite, Jumilite
Diopside Lamproites
-Wyomingite, Orendite, Cedricite,
-Calcalite, Fortunite, Verite
-Jumilite, Woldigite, Mamilite
-Wyomingite, Orendite, Cedricite,
which does NOT display a property of lamprophyre
- porphyritic, mesocratic to malanocratic
- felds and foids groundmass
- Cal, Zeo appear as primary phases; Bt, Amp, essential
- Conrtains various types of perthites
- Conrtains various types of perthites
(A property seen in charnokites)
characterized by the presence of orthopyroxene (or fayalite plus quartz) and, in many of the rocks, perthite, mesoperthite or antiperthite
Charnokitic Rocks
Opx Granite
Charnokite
Opx granodiorite
Opdalite/ Charno-enderbite
Opx tonalite
enderbite
Opx monzonite;
Opx monzodiorite
mangerite;
Jotunite
a light colored KFeld Granite
Alaskite
Granodiorite vs Granogabbro
Granodio : An0-50
Granogab: An50-100
A light colored tonalite
Tondhjemite and Plagiogranite
Per-alkalione varity of KFelf Neph Syenite
Agpaite
may be applied to nepheline monzodiorite or nepheline monzogabbro
essexite
special terms for ne gabbro and analcime gabbro
Theralite; teschenite
a dunite where its spinel mineral is magnetite
olivinite
a rhyolite synonym
lipartite
this term is used when an kfeld rhyolite contains alkaly px or amp
peralkaline rhyolite
a transitional rock between rhyolite and dacite
rhyodacite
High Mg Volcanic Rocks
Boninite
Komatiite
Meimechite
Picrite
if SiO2 > 52%, MgO > 8% and TiO2 < 0.5%, the rock is a
boninite
if 52% > SiO2 > 30%, MgO > 18% and (Na2O + K2O ) < 2%, then the rock is a ______if TiO2 < 1% or a _________ if TiO2 > 1%
komatiite;
meimechite
if 52% > SiO2 > 30%, MgO > 12%, and
(Na2O + K2O ) < 3%, it is a .
picrite
if normative ne > 20% the rock is a .
nephelinite
if normative ne < 20% and ab is present but is < 5% the rock is a .
melanephelinite
A high Aluminum Ryolite/Trachyte
Comendite;
comditic trachyte
A low Aluminum Ryolite/Trachyte
pantellerite;
panterlleritic trachyte
division of trachybasalt
Hawaiite (Sodic)
Potassic Trachybasalt
division of basaltic trachyandesite
mugearite (“sodic”)
shoshonite (“potassic”)
division of trachyandesite
benmoreite (“sodic”)
latite (“potassic”).
QAPF
<5% Qtz
KFeld Syenite : 0-10 A
Syenite : 10-35 A
Monzonite : 35-65 A
MonzoDio/Gab : 65-90 A
Dio/Gab : 90-100 A
QAPF
5-20% Qtz
Qtz KFeld Syenite : 0-10 A
Qtz Syenite : 10-35 A
Qtz Monzonite : 35-65 A
Qtz MonzoDio/Gab : 65-90 A
Qtz Dio/Gab/An : 90-100 A
QAPF
20-60% Qtz
KFeld Granite: 0-10 A
SyenoGranite : 10-35 A
MonzoGranite : 35-65 A
Granodiorite : 65-90 A
Tonalite : 90-100 A
QAPF
60-90% Qtz
Qtz Rich granitoid
QAPF
90-100% Qtz
Quartzolite
QAPF
<10% Felds
Foid- bearing KFeld Syenite : 0-10 A
Foid- bearing Syenite : 10-35 A
Foid- bearing Monzonite : 35-65 A
Foid- bearing MonzoDio/Gab : 65-90 A
Foid- bearing Dio/Gab/An : 90-100 A
QAPF
10-60% Felds
Foid KFeld Syenite : 0-10 A
Foid monzosyenite : 10-50 A
Foid monzodio/gab : 50-90 A
Foid Dio/Gab : 90-100 A
QAPF
>60% Felds
foidolite
Gabbronoic
plagioclase and clinopyroxene
Gabbro
Gabbronoic
plagioclase and orthopyroxene
Norite
Gabbronoic
plagioclase and olivine
Troctolite
Gabbronoic
plagioclase with almost equal amounts of clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene
Gabbronorite
Gabbronoic
plagioclase and clinopyroxene with minor amounts of orthopyroxene
Orthopyroxene Gabbro
Gabbronoic
plagioclase and clinopyroxene with minor amounts of clinopyroxene
Clinopyroxene norite
Gabbronoic
plagioclase and hornblende with pyroxene < 5%.
Hornblende Gabbro
UM
Low amount (<10?) Ol
equal cpx, opx
Websterite
UM
(<40%) Ol
equal cpx, opx
Ol Websterite
UM
(40-90%) Ol
equal cpx, opx
Lherzolite
UM
>90% Ol
Dunite
“UM
Low amount (<10?) Ol
cpx > opx
Ol clinopyroxenite
“UM
Low amount (<10?) Ol
cpx > opx
Ol orthopyroxenite
UM
(40-90%) Ol
cpx > opx
wherlite
UM
(40-90%) Ol
cpx < opx
harzburgite
UM
(40-90%) Ol
Px > Hbl
Pyroxene peridotite
UM
(40-90%) Ol
Px = Hbl
Pyroxene Hornblende peridotite
UM
(40-90%) Ol
Px < Hbl
Hornblende peridotite
UM
(10-40%) Ol
(10-50%) Hbl
Ol Hbl pyroxenite
UM
(10-40%) Ol
(10-50%) Px
Ol Hbl Hornblendite
SiO oversaturated TAS
[including B and UB]
Picro-Basalt
Basalt
Basaltic Andesite
Dacite
Rhyolite
SiO saturated TAS
trachybasalt (H, Pt), Basaltic Trachyandesite (M, Sh), Trachyandesite (B, L,) trachyte/trachydacite
SiO undersaturated TAS
Foidite, Basanite(ol)/tephrite, phonotephrite, tephriphonolite, phonolite
a texture indicating poikilitic phlogopite groundmass
madupitic