Issues and debates: gender and cultural bias key words

Question 1

What is alpha bias?

Answer 1

.exaggerating the differences between males and females.
.stating the differences are fixed and inevitable.

Question 2

What is beta bias?

Answer 2

.ignoring the differences between males and females.
.using males in research and generalising the findings to females.

Question 3

What is andocentrism?

Answer 3

.theories centred on males.

Question 4

What is universality?

Answer 4

.psychologists want to draw conclusions from research which apply to everyone, everywhere.

Question 5

What is gender bias?

Answer 5

.the differential treatment/representation between males and females based on stereotypes and not real differences.

Question 6

What is culture bias?

Answer 6

.a tendency to ignore cultural differences and assume all other cultures are the same as one culture, making other cultures look abnormal and inferior.

Question 7

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 7

.seeing the world only from one’s own cultural perspective and believing that the perspective is normal and correct.

Question 8

What is cultural relativism ?

Answer 8

.insists that behaviour can be properly understood if the cultural context is broken into consideration.

Question 9

What is an etic approach?

Answer 9

.behaviour that focuses on the universal of human behaviour, universal factors that hold across all cultures.
.looking at behaviour from outside of the culture.

Question 10

What is an emic approach?

Answer 10

.approaches which are specific to a given culture and vary from one culture to another.
.the aim is to look at behaviour from the inside of the cultural system.

Question 11

What is imposed etic?

Answer 11

When a culture specific idea is wrongly imposed on another culture.
.this is a consequence of taking an etic approach