Issues and Debates Flashcards
What are the 2 main arguments for nature?
- The genotype
2. Evolution
What are the 3 main arguments for nurture?
- Behaviourism/Tanula Rasa (the idea that we are 100% shaped by experience)
- SLT (social learning theory)
- The Environment
Give the 3 main pieces of evidence for Nature
- concordance rates (how likely you are to get something if your parents have it) (Eugenics)
- neural correlates (OEG/CM)
- Drug therapies (BZ’s/SSRI)
Give the 3 main pieces of evidence for Nuture
- token economy
- Rutter et al’s ERA study
- Flooding/systematic desensitisation
Define Eugenics
The idea of breeding for select traits
Define ‘distributed intelligence’
a complex system consisting of individual agents (neurons (ants)), with with limited intelligence and information (they are stronger together instead of working alone)
Define holism
viewing people as indivisible beings consisting of a ‘self’ that can only be studied in context
Define reductionism
viewing people as a complex system that consists of many small parts that we should study separately
What are the 3 levels of explanation between these two views (holism and reductionism)
- socio-cultural (social-psychology - eg. conformity/obedience)
- Psychological (cognitive/behavioural - eg. Ellis, Bandura)
- Biological (genetics, biopsychology and neuroscience - eg. SERT/COMT, dopamine hypothesis, fMRI connectome studies)
Give the 3 types of reductionism
- Biological (OCD)
- Environmental = only considering the environment (Ainsworth, Bandura)
- Experimental = cause and effect (Milgram, Harlow’s monkeys)
Give the 3 types of holism
- Gestalt (whole) = whole system is important - study system not solo parts (eg. eyes) (Prosopagnosia ‘face blindness’)
- Humanistic = (Maslow’s hierarchy)
- Cognitive = (Beck’s, Working memory model)
