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Fundamentals > Isolation,inflammation,immunity > Flashcards

Isolation,inflammation,immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Latrogenic infection

A

Infection from diagnostic or therapeutic procedure

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2
Q

Exogenous infection

A

On outside, you ingest something(salmonella)

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3
Q

Endogenous infection

A

Body becomes altered due to overgrowth of bacteria (yeast infection)

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4
Q

Nurses responsibility

A
  1. Protect

2. Understand infectious process

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5
Q

Symptomatic

A

Showing symptoms of disease

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6
Q

A symptomatic

A

Has disease but does not show symptoms

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7
Q

Chain of infection

A 
Infectious agent 
Reservoir 
Portal of exit
Modes of transmission
Portal of entry 
Host
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8
Q

Potential for microorganism to produce disease

A
  1. Number or dose- amount of Microorganism
  2. Virulence- the ability to produce disease
  3. Ability to enter and survive host
  4. Susceptibility or host resistance
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9
Q

How is the chain broken

A

Wash hands
Clean articles
Educate: staff, patients, etc…

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10
Q

Proper environment

A
  1. Nourishment- required to allow it to grow
  2. Oxygen-aerobic, anaerobic
  3. Water
  4. Temperature 68-109
  5. Ph 5.0-7.0 is the preferable photo microorganisms
  6. Light- generally dark areas are where pathogens prefer to grow(under dressings, body cavity)
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11
Q

Portal of exit from reservoir

A
  1. Skin and mucous membranes
  2. respiratory- sneezing,coughing
  3. Urinary- UTI, ostomy
  4. Gastrointestinal- bowel elimination
  5. Reproductive system
  6. Blood
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12
Q

Modes of transmission

A
  1. contact:direct, indirect, droplet
  2. airborne
  3. vehicles
  4. Vectors
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13
Q

Indirect contact

A

Ex.touching a used Kleenex

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14
Q

Airborne

A

Particles in are

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15
Q

Droplet contact

A

Contact with conjunctivitis, or nose

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16
Q

Vehicles

A

Contaminated liquids, blood, food, drugs

17
Q

Vectors

A

External transmission - insect lands on something then something else and bacteria is transferred that way

Internal transmission- mosquito or tick actually penetrating your skin

18
Q

Nursing obligation

A
  1. Control the spread
  2. identify signs and symptoms-be able to recognize abnormal signs
  3. Report signs and symptoms
19
Q

Localized infection

A

The area that is infected is contained within a certain area

20
Q

Systemic infection

A

Affecting the entire body and is often times within the blood

21
Q

Normal body defenses

A
  1. Normal body flora
  2. Each organ system has defenses
  3. Inflammatory response
22
Q

Localized inflammation

A 
Swelling
Redness
Heat
Pain and tenderness 
Loss of function
23
Q

Systemic infection

Affects the entire body

A 
Elevated temperature 
Elevated pulse
Elevated respirations 
Anorexia 
Skeletal muscle tension 
Elevated white blood cell count
24
Q

Inflammatory exudate

A
  1. Serous-clear like plasma
  2. Sanguineous- contains red blood cells
  3. Purulent- comes in different colors depending on the bacteria, often contains an odor
25
Q

Vascular response

A
  1. Injured or damaged cells- release chemical substance
  2. Adjacent cells are often interrupted
  3. Increase capillary permeability- allows fluids,proteins, and fibrinogen sin to tissue
  4. Edema- creates a wall not allowing bacteria to escape
  5. Pressure on nerve endings- caused from edema, the nerve endings are pushed on causing edema
26
Q

Cellular response

A

WBC-5,000-10,000 is average(above 10,000 shows signs of infection)

Phagocytosis- neutrophils and monocytes designed to ingest and destroy harmful bacteria

27
Q

Tissue repair

A

Healing of tissue- damaged cells are replaced by Newer cells, after new cells go through maturation they resemble the cells that were previously there

28
Q

Immune response

A

Antigen- invading organism(the problem)

Antibodies- bodies response to seek and destroy antigens

29
Q

Vaccine (development of antibodies)

A
  1. specific antigen- giving small amount of antigen into the body
  2. Antibodies- bodies response developes antibodies so that the next time the body sees those antigen it already has antibodies built up for that disease
  3. specific
  4. Seek and destroy
30
Q

Natural immunity

A

Has immunity after having a certain disease(typically lasts a lifetime)

31
Q

Artificial immunity

A

After receiving the vaccination

32
Q

Passive immunity

A

Immunity obtained without vaccination or having the disease. Ex.breast feeding

33
Q

Stages/course of infection

A
  1. Incubation period
  2. Prodromal stage
  3. Full stage of illness
  4. Convalescence
34
Q

Incubation period

A

Interval of the entering of the pathogen into the body and the first symptom

35
Q

Prodromal stage

A

when the individual feels nonspecific signs and symptoms, when individual is capable of spreading the microorganism

36
Q

Full stage of illness

A

Manifestation of the signs and symptoms of the infection

37
Q

Convalescence

A

The acute symptoms are gone, not usually contagious, but the individual is not fully recovered

38
Q

Droplet precautions

A

Particles greater than 5 microns in size

  • gown and gloves
  • normal mask
39
Q

Airborne precautions

A

Very small droplets smaller than 5 microns in size

  • private rooms
  • HEPA masks
  • negative airflow isolation room if possible

Fundamentals (16 decks)

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