Investigations

Question 1

what bloods should be done for haematology

Answer 1

FBC & Coags

Question 2

what bloods check biochemistry

Answer 2

U&Es, LFTs, Ca, Glucose, amylase/lipase, CRP & Lactate

Question 3

what amylase result is diagnostic?

Answer 3

> 3 times upper limit of normal

Question 4

what are 2 serum transaminases?

Answer 4

ALT & AST

Question 5

what do serum transaminases show

Answer 5

hepatocyte injury

Question 6

where does alkaline phosphate show damage to?

Answer 6

bone and liver

Question 7

what is the main marker for liver and cholestatic disease?

Answer 7

gamma glutamyl transferase (Gamma GT)

Question 8

what does gamma GT aid the diagnosis of?

Answer 8

whether raised ALP indicates liver or bone damage

Question 9

what are the 3 indices of synthetic functionality of liver?

Answer 9

albumin, prothrombin time and bilirubin

Question 10

why does a raised prothrombin time suggest issues with liver synthetic functionality?

Answer 10

liver synthesises most clotting factors so long prothrombin time = damage to liver

Question 11

what is endoscopy used for?

Answer 11

diagnosis, tx, screening and surveillance

Question 12

what can endoscopy help diagnose?

Answer 12

ulcers, tumours, vascular pathology, stones, worms etc

Question 13

what are 2 endoscopic diagnosis sub-techniques?

Answer 13

dye staining

microscopy

Question 14

biopsy=

Answer 14

histology (cell structure)

Question 15

brushing=

Answer 15

cytology (cell function)

Question 16

what therapeutic techniques can endoscopy be used for?

Answer 16

GI bleeding, foreign body, resection of cancer, strictures

Question 17

what can endoscopy do if a GI bleed occurs?

Answer 17

banding, glue, clips, injection therapy

Question 18

what can endoscopy do for strictures?

Answer 18

balloon insertion, stenting

Question 19

what can endoscopy do for tumours?

Answer 19

polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal removal

Question 20

what does endoscopy screen for?

Answer 20

cancer

Question 21

what object is used to survey UC, colonic polyps, Barrett’s O?

Answer 21

endoscope

Question 22

what is MRCP commonly used to investigate?

Answer 22

common bile duct pathology

Question 23

what is ERCP commonly used to investigate?

Answer 23

pancreatic and bile duct pathology

Question 24

what radiological technique is used for cholecystitis?

Answer 24

USS then MRCP or ERCP

Question 25

what radiological technique is used for pancreatitis?

Answer 25

bloods (high amylase), US (gallstones?), CT

Question 26

what radiological technique is used to identify perforation?

Answer 26

erect CXR then CT

Question 27

appendicitis is radiologically investigated by...

Answer 27

doing a USS

Question 28

diverticulitis is radiologically investigated by...

Answer 28

doing a CT

Question 29

what imaging should be done for a distended abdomen...?

Answer 29

AXR, then CT

Question 30

for haematemesis what imaging should be done?

Answer 30

endoscopy + CT w IV contrast angiography

Question 31

TIPSS is done for...

Answer 31

ascites and PHT

Question 32

what imaging would you do for someone presenting with dysphagia?

Answer 32

endoscopy & fluoroscopic studies (barium swallow)

Question 33

what go to imaging would you do for someone who has a change in bowel habit?

Answer 33

PR exam & Ba enema/ CT virtual colonography

Question 34

when would you do a radio-labelled white cell scan?

Answer 34

active IBD

Question 35

what investigations to do if small bowel disease e.g. stricture suspected?

Answer 35

fluoroscopic contrast, angiography

Question 36

what imaging for jaundice/ liver disease?

Answer 36

USS then MRCP/ERCP, HIDA

Question 37

what is the go to imaging for tumour confirmation?

Answer 37

CT

Question 38

urease breath test and faecal Ag test are used to determine what infection?

Answer 38

H.Pylori