Histology

Question 1

what are the 4 major layers of the GI tract from lumen?

Answer 1

mucosa > submucosa > muscularis externa > serosa/ adventitia

Question 2

what is the mucosa layer made up of?

Answer 2

epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

Question 3

how many layers of SM does the muscularis externa have?

Answer 3

2 - 1 longitudinal, 1 circular

Question 4

True/False…

oropharynx, laryngopharynx and oral cavity are covered by stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 4

True

Question 5

what epithelium is the nasal cavity and nasopharynx covered by?

Answer 5

respiratory epi

Question 6

does the anterior or posterior side of tongue have papillae?

Answer 6

anterior dorsal side

Question 7

what are the 4 types of papillae?

Answer 7

fungiform, circumvallate, foliate, filiform

Question 8

what is the pharynx composed of>

Answer 8

rings of lymphoid tissue

Question 9

what is the histology of the oesophagus?

Answer 9

has a thick muscularis externa and glands

Question 10

stratified squamous epithelium transitions to what other type of epithelium at the gastro-oesophageal junction?

Answer 10

changes to simple columnar epithelium

Question 11

what do gastric pits have?

Answer 11

mucous cells and gastric glands

Question 12

what is the additional layer of the muscularis externa of the stomach?

Answer 12

an additional oblique layer to aid churning

Question 13

what are the gastric cell types in the isthmus?

Answer 13

parietal and stem cells

Question 14

what are the cell types in the neck of the stomach?

Answer 14

neck mucous cells and parietal cells

Question 15

what are the cell types of the fundus of the stomach?

Answer 15

chief cells and enteroendocrine cells

Question 16

what do chief cells do?

Answer 16

secrete digestive enzymes

Question 17

what do parietal cells do?

Answer 17

produce HCl

Question 18

the SI contains villi and…

Answer 18

the crypts of liperkuhn (pits between the villi)

Question 19

duodenum contains ________ Glands that produce a thin ____ mucous to neutralise the ____

Answer 19

Brunners Glands
thin alkaline mucous
neutralise the chyme

Question 20

True/False…

the jejunum has the shorter villi

Answer 20

False…
jejunum= longest
ileum= shorter

Question 21

what are Peyer’s Patches and where are they found?

Answer 21

lymphoid follicles found in submucosa of ILEUM

Question 22

what are the 5 types of cell types found in the SI?

Answer 22

enterocytes (tall columnar cells which absorb)
goblet cells (produce mucous)
paneth cells (defensive cells which regulate bacterial flora)
enteroendocrine (produce hormones)
stem cells (replenish epithelium)

Question 23

what are 2 main cells found in large intestine and their function?

Answer 23

absorptive cells: removes salt and water

goblet cells: secrete mucous

Question 24

the outer longitudinal SM is found in 3 muscular strips called….?

Answer 24

Taenia Coli

Question 25

In the appendix are crypts more or less abundant?

Answer 25

less

Question 26

what is the epithelium of the anal canal like?

Answer 26

non-keratinised stratified squamous epi

Question 27

what are the 2 plexuses of the enteric nervous system & what does each control?

Answer 27

myenteric plexus: controls gut motility

submucosa plexus: controls muscularis mucosa ie. secretions

Question 28

what is the liver capsule?

Answer 28

a collagenous connective capsule

Question 29

what shape are liver lobules?

Answer 29

hexagonal

Question 30

each liver lobule has a centrolobular hepatic vein at the centre and a ___ at each corner?

Answer 30

portal triad

Question 31

what is part of the portal triad?

Answer 31

hepatic vein, hepatic artery, bile duct which enter at portal hepatis

Question 32

what is the space of Disse?

Answer 32

space between sinusoids and hepatocytes

Question 33

what are sinusoids

Answer 33

fenestrations which allow blood to access all hepatocytes

Question 34

what 3 cells are found in the liver and their functions?

Answer 34

hepatocytes: main cell of liver
hepatic stellate cells: modified fibroblasts found in space of Disse
Kupffer cells: found in sinusoids (remove red blood cells)

Question 35

what epithelium is the gall bladder lined by?

Answer 35

simple columnar epi

Question 36

in the pancreas the ____ __ _______ produce hormones and hence carry out the pancreas’s endocrine function?

Answer 36

islets of langerhans

Question 37

what are the duct cells found in acini called?

Answer 37

centroacinar cells

Question 38

the main pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct and opens into the duodenum, what is this opening called?

Answer 38

hepatopancreatic ampulla