Hernia Disease

Question 1

what is a hernia?

Answer 1

protrusion of cavity’s contents through weakness in wall of cavity

Question 2

aetiology of hernias?

Answer 2

anatomical location, inherited collagen disorders, iatrogenic (incisions in wall)

Question 3

aetiology specific to inguinal hernias?

Answer 3

heavy lifting, constipation, coughing, prostatism, pregnancy, obesity

Question 4

what are the 7 types of hernias?

Answer 4

epigastric 
umbilical
inguinal
femoral 
incisional
spigelian 
parastomal

Question 5

epigastric hernia is due to a defect in the ____ ____

Answer 5

linea alba

Question 6

where is the lump found in epigastric hernia?

Answer 6

midline

Question 7

most common pt for epigastric hernia?

Answer 7

teenage males

Question 8

tx for epigastric hernia?

Answer 8

sutures or mesh

Question 9

why do umbilical hernias occur?

Answer 9

stretching of abdominal wall

Question 10

how do umbilical hernias present?

Answer 10

presents with pain

Question 11

true/false…

tx for umbilical hernias is medical

Answer 11

false…

surgical removal

Question 12

what is the structural weakness for inguinal hernia called?

Answer 12

Hasselbach’s Triangle

Question 13

what are the 2 types of inguinal hernias?

Answer 13

indirect & direct

Question 14

true/false…

indirect hernias are more likely in older men

Answer 14

false…
direct in old men
indirect tend to be congenital

Question 15

is the right or left side more common for inguinal hernias?

Answer 15

right

Question 16

ix for inguinal hernia?

Answer 16

dynamic USS

Question 17

how do you differentiate between femoral and inguinal hernia?

Answer 17

identify the pubic tubercle and

• if above & medial= inguinal
• if below and lateral = femoral

Question 18

tx for inguinal and femoral hernia

Answer 18

surgery

Question 19

females are more likely to get which type of hernia?

Answer 19

femoral

Question 20

incisional hernia is due to?

Answer 20

wound complications and is iatrogenic, inherited collagen abnormalities, adv age or obesity

Question 21

where do spigelian hernias present?

Answer 21

sub-umbilically

Question 22

what are the 3 pathological types of a hernia?

Answer 22

• reducible
• incarcerated
• strangulated

Question 23

what does reducible hernia mean?

Answer 23

can be pushed back into abdomen

Question 24

what does incarcerated hernia mean?

Answer 24

can’t be pushed back in

Question 25

what does a strangulated hernia mean?

Answer 25

vascular supply is compromised resulting in gangrenous tissue

Question 26

ix for hernia?

Answer 26

CXR/AXR, USS, CT, endoscopy

Question 27

hx questions for hernia?

Answer 27

previous operations? associated symptoms?

Question 28

things to note when examining the mass?

Answer 28

shape, contour, scars, pulsating?

Question 29

general tx for hernias?

Answer 29

either conservative or surgical (herniotomy/ herniorrhaphy)