Invertebrates: Phylum Cnidaria- Class Anthozoa- (EXAM 2)

Question 1

Class Anthozoa

Answer 1

under phylum Cnidaria

-ex) anemones and coral (black. pink, stony, soft)

Question 2

Gen info

Answer 2

Anthozoa can only occur as polyps, many have the appearance of a flower, solitary or colonial

Question 3

Anemones

Answer 3

can be 5-100mm in diameter

are sessile: attached to a substrate

Question 4

sessile

Answer 4

attached to a substrate

Question 5

Symbiosis

Answer 5

zooxanthellae algae: use nitrogenous waste and carbon dioxide produced by the coral while the coral gains photosynthetic capability and increased calcium carbonate production used in reef building
ex)clown fish feeling protected by anemone

Question 6

Coral reefs

Answer 6

tropical/subtropical shallow waters (indo-pacific area-90% of total area)
ex)barrier reef and atoll

Question 7

Barrier Reef

Answer 7

parallel to the shore

ex) great barrier reef, belize barrier reef

Question 8

Atoll

Answer 8

reef that encircles a lagoon (no central island)

Question 9

Coral reef facts

Answer 9

• absent from west coast of North America (california)
• support extraordinary biodiversity (equivalent to terrestrial rainforests)
• 4000 fish species, sponges, cnidarians, crustaceans, molluscs, echinoderms and sea turtles
• most beach sand is composed of coral particles (exoskeleton composed of CaCO3)

Question 10

threats to coral reefs

Answer 10

increased temp= high acidity/bleaching, dynamite and cyanide fishing, soil erosion

Question 11

deep water coral reefs

Answer 11

b/t 250-9800 ft, temp range 39-54 F

more solitary

Question 12

Lophelia pertusa (deep water coral reef)

Answer 12

lack zooxanthellae, color range from white to red orange, polyps are not interconnected by living tissue
-reproduction by budding new polyps, producing free-living planktonic larvae, which float in the water until they attach to a suitable surface and begin to grow

Question 13

deep water coral reefs 1

Answer 13

polyps at the end of branches feed by extending their tentacles and straining plankton from the water column

Question 14

deep water coral reefs 2

Answer 14

create a specialized habitat for deep water fishes (conger eels, sharks, groupers, hake, lanternfish and hatchetfish) and an invertebrate community consisting of brittle stars, crabs and molluscs

Question 15

White sea anemone

Answer 15

Anthosactis pearseae: associated with a whale fall in Monterey Canyon (9500 ft)