Introduction to Pediatric Nursing Flashcards
Development
-Developmental processes are unique to each stage of development
-Continuous ongoing surveillance is essential for early intervention when problems are found
-Be aware of changing recommendations that address fast-changing world of technology
-Infants < 18 m should have no screen time
-Parents advised to use tech sparingly before age 5
Nutrition: infancy
-Breastfeeding is beneficial
-Human milk is the preferred form of nutrition for all infants, aids with digestion and absorption
-Don’t give water, it’ll throw off hemodynamics and electrolytes
-Provides micronutrients, immunologic properties, enzymes that enhance digestion and absorption
Nutrition: childhood
-Lifelong eating habits develop by age 3
-Parent teaching
-Eating preferences and attitudes r/t to food are established by family influences and culture
-Homelessness and low income associated w/ lack of resources to provide children w/ adequate, nutritious meals
Oral health
-Dental caries are preventable
-Dental hygiene beginning w/ 1st tooth eruption
-Role of fluoridated water
-Early dental preventive care
-Prevent disease d/t health disparities
-Parent and child teaching
-Establish oral health practices early in life
-Once 1st tooth comes thru, oral practices need to start immediately
-Dental tooth infections affect the heart
-Dental caries are most common chronic disease
Childhood health problems
-Impact of societal/environmental issues can impact health
-Nutritional concerns leading to disease
-Mental health issues
-Health pandemic
-Highest risk –> LBW, poverty, homeless, children of immigrants and those w/ chronic diseases
Obesity and Type 2 diabetes
-Epidemic proportions of obesity found in children
-Maternal obesity impacts the child
-Lack of physical activity and sedentary lifestyle
-Increased risk for cardiometabolic changes: HTN, altered glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity
-Obesity: BMI at 95% or greater for youth of same age and gender
-Overweight: BMI at 85% or greater for youth of same age and gender
Adolescent vaping epidemic
-E-cigarettes –> aerosol containing nicotine and other chemicals
-Epidemic proportions –> substance abuse and potential lung issues
-Increasing adolescent use
Mental health problems
-1 in 5 children experience problems and 80% of chronic problems start in childhood
-Importance of early social-emotional support
-Need for resources/referrals
-Many problems can develop during adolescence
-Nurses should be alert for screening and identifying risk –> potential suicidal ideation
Mortality statistics: infant
-Death in 1st year of life
-Recorded per 1000 live births
-Neonatal mortality: < 28 days of life
-Postneonatal mortality: 28 days - 11 months
-Birth weight is major determinant
-Leading causes are anomalies, short gestation, LBW, SIDS
Mortality statistics: childhood
-Usually presented per 100,000 population
-Suicide, poisoning, falls rose substantially
-Unintentional injuries like head injuries, drowning, burns firearm accidents happen every day
-Rate is high in children < 9
-Most fatal injuries occur in later childhood and adolescence
-Biggest cause of death is MVA, especially pedestrians (head injuries)
Morbidity: childhood
-Generally rates per 1000 population
-Difficult to define: may denote acute illness, chronic disease, or disability
-Biggest issue is respiratory illnesses (common cold)
Patient and family-centered care
-Recognizes the family as the constant in a child’s life
-Approach to the planning, delivery and evaluation of care
-Nurses support families in their caregiving and decision-making roles
-Acknowledges diversity among family members and structures and backgrounds
Goals of atraumatic care
-Prevent or minimize child’s separation from family, promote sense of control, prevent or minimize bodily injury and pain
-Call for help after 2nd attempt at inserting IV
-Child life therapists perform play therapy to distract children
-Tylenol prior to surgery to minimize pain afterward
-Promote sense of control
-Prevent or minimize bodily injury and pain
-Ex: foster parent-child relationship, prepare child before any tx or procedure, control pain, provide play activities for expression of fear and aggression
Therapeutic relationship
-Boundaries are professional and positive –> promote family’s control over child’s health
-Nontherapeutic –> boundaries are blurred leading to serving of personal needs rather than for the child or family
Family advocacy and caring
-Primary responsibility is to the consumer of nursing services
-Promote advocacy of the child and family
-Display empathy and compassion
-Caring viewed as a sign of quality
-Use of “personable” care actions as being integral to establishing a positive relationships
-Acknowledge parents, showing interest/concern for their welfare, showing affection and sensitivity to the parent and child, communication w/ them, individualizing the nursing care
