Introduction to organic chemistry

Question 1

What is displayed formula?

Answer 1

Shows every atom and every bond in the molecule.

Question 2

What is the structural formula?

Answer 2

Shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule in a simplified form - no bonds are shown.

Question 3

What is a functional group?

Answer 3

The reactive groups attached to the carbon chain.

Question 4

What is a structural isomer?

Answer 4

Have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.

Question 5

What is a homologous series?

Answer 5

Family of organic compounds with the same functional group but different carbon chain length.

Question 6

Name 5 properties of the homologous series.

Answer 6

• Have a general formula,
• Each member of the series differs from the next by CH2,
• The length of chain does’t affect the chemical reactivity,
• The length of the chain affects the physical properties,
• Chain branching reduces the boiling point.

Question 7

Define an isomer.

Answer 7

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but whose atoms are arranged differently.

Question 8

What are the three types of structural isomerism?

Answer 8

• Positional isomerism,
• Functional group isomerism,
• Chain isomerism.

Question 9

What is stereoisomerism?

Answer 9

Same structural formula but a different arrangement of the bonds in space.

Question 10

What are the two types of stereoisomerism?

Answer 10

• E-Z isomerism,

- Optical isomerism.

Question 11

What is the other name for E-Z isomerism?

Answer 11

Cis and Trans

Question 12

What are the cahn-Ingold-prelog priority rules?

Answer 12

Atoms with the highest atomic number have the highest priority and so determine the E-Z arrangement.