Amines Flashcards
What are amines classed as?
Primary, secondary or tertiary.
How are amines classed?
Depending on how many hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic groups compared to ammonia (NH3).
What is the bond angle on an an amine and why?
107, because of the lone pair of electrons.
Do amines act as acids or bases?
Both
How do amines act as bases?
The lone pair of electrons on the Nitrogen can attract hydrogen ions, or accept a proton.
What do amines acting as bases produce?
Ionic salts
What is the order of base strength from strongest to weakest?
Secondary amine, primary amine, ammonia and aryl amine.
Why are aryl amines weaker bases than ammonia?
The lone pair of electrons are delocalised onto the aromatic ring.
What is the inductive effect?
Alkyl groups release electrons making the lone pair more available for donation.
How is the inductive effect shown?
An arrow along the bond in the direction of electron release.
Why can amines and ammonia act as nucleophiles?
The lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom with which they can attack compounds with a C^d+.
What is the reaction of ammonia with a halogenoalkane? What are the conditions?
Nucleophilic substitution. Ethanol with excess ammonia.
What is the product of the reaction of ammonia with a halogenoalkane?
A primary amine (also a nucleophile)
What would be produced if there was excess halogenoalkane in a reaction of ammonia with the halogenoalkane?
A primary amine would form, then a secondary amine, then a tertiary amine and eventually a quarternary ammonium salt.
What is the reaction in which amines react with acid chlorides and acid anhydrides?
Addition-elimination
