Alcohols

Question 1

How do we class alcohols?

Answer 1

As primary secondary or tertiary depending on how many carbon atoms are attached to the carbon atom the alcohol group is joined to.

Question 2

Name two ways ethanol can be produced.

Answer 2

Hydration of ethene,

Fermentation.

Question 3

What is a hydration reaction?

Answer 3

Nucleophilic addition

Question 4

What is the reaction for the fermentation of glucose?

Answer 4

CH12O6 –> 2CH3CH2OH + 2CO2

Question 5

Which produces pure alcohol, hydration or fermentation?

Answer 5

Hydration

Question 6

What can primary alcohols be oxidised into?

Answer 6

Aldehydes and then carboxylic acids.

Question 7

What can secondary alcohols be oxidised to?

Answer 7

Ketones

Question 8

What happens when Tollen’s reagent is added to an aldehyde?

Answer 8

The aldehyde is oxidised to a carboxylic acid and the Ag+ ions in the Tollen’s reagent become Ag atoms, producing a silver mirror.

Question 9

What happens when Fehling’s solution is added to an aldehyde?

Answer 9

The aldehyde is oxidised to a carboxylic acid and the Cu2+ (blue) ions are reduced to Cu+ ions which form a brick red precipitate.

Question 10

How can alcohols be converted into alkenes?

Answer 10

Dehydration with a dehydrating agent such as H2SO4 or H3PO4

Question 11

What catalyst is required for the hydration of ethene?

Answer 11

Phosphoric acid.