Introduction to Diabetes

Question 1

Lab definitions of prediabbetes

Answer 1

prediabetes; incrased risk of developing diabetes and its complications

• impaired fasting glucose (FBG 6.1-6.9)
• impaired glucose tolerance (OGTT 7.8-11.1)
• A1C 6.0-6.4

Question 2

lab definitions of diabetes

Answer 2

FBG >7mmol/L

A1C >6.5

OGTT> 11,1 mmol/L

random bloog glucose + symptomes >11.1 mmol/L

Question 3

definition of metabolic syndrome

Answer 3

• Metabolic syndrome: 3 or more of
• Waist circumference >102cm men, >88cm women
• TG>1.7 mmol/L
• HDL <1 mmol/L in males, <1.3 females
• sBP >130 mmHg or dBP>85
• FBG>5.6 mmol/L

Question 4

geographic locations in canada with higher rates of obesity

Answer 4

atlantic canada and northern canada

Question 5

note; there are biological and socioeconomic risk factors for diabetes.

Question 6

insulin is a ___ hormone secreted by ___ cells of the islets of langehands in the pancreas. Coded by chromosome ___. What is the degradation cycle?

Answer 6

insulin is a PEPTIDE hormone secreted by BETA cells of the islets of langehands in the pancreas. Coded by chromosome 11.

• Proinsulin -> insulin + c-peptide

Question 8

Lots of insulin around, but there is an insulin resistance– it can’t act on the receptors

Answer 8

Type II

Question 9

two methods of carb storing

Answer 9

glycogen and triglycerides

Question 10

how does insulin affect carb breakdown, use and storage

Answer 10

insulin is an anabolic hormone

Question 11

how does insulin affect fat breakdown and storage

Answer 11

Question 12

how does insulin affect protein breakdown and storage

Answer 12

Question 13

antibodies causing pancreatic beta cell destruction is hallmark Type I diabetes pathogeneis.s what antibodies are produced?

Answer 13

antibodies that are against : islet cell, insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), tyrosine phosphatase IA2, zinc transporter 8.

• results in an absolute insulin deficiency

Question 14

hertiability in type I diabetes in monozygotic twins

Answer 14

Heritability: monozygotic twins 25-50

Question 15

type 2 diabetes heritability

Answer 15

Heritability: monozygotic twins 90%

Question 16

note; there are so many specific types of diabetes, not just type I, II and gestational

Question 17

outline clinical features in terms of (age of onset, weight, islet autoantibodie presence, c-peptide detection, insulin production, first-line treatment, family heritability and prevalence of DKA) that distinguishes Type I, tyep 2, and monogenic diabetes.

Answer 17

Question 18

3 broad microvascular diabetes complications

Answer 18

retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy

Question 19

3 broad macrovascular diabetes complicatiosn

Answer 19

cardiac, stroke, vascular

Question 20

T/F even if a person with diabetes cant control it all the time, having some aspect of control in one time frame still has benefits

Answer 20

true. even though there was a loss of control, people who had previously controlled diabetes still had a lower A1c