Introduction to Body Fluids Flashcards
How would we define a sample as being clear?
Print is clearly visible through sample.
How would we define a sample as being slightly cloudy?
Print is obscured but still visible.
How would we define a sample as being cloudy?
Print is not visible, no particulate matter.
How would we define a sample as being turbid?
Print is not visible, particulate matter present.
What does it mean for a sample to have low viscosity?
The sample expels in free falling drops, as water would.
What does it mean for a sample to have a high viscosity?
The sample does NOT expel in free falling drops, but rather forms a continuous ‘string’ as it is expelled, much like an egg would.
What is an advantage of using automated cell counts?
Lots faster than trying to count manually.
What are disadvantages of using automated cell counts?
(1) Linearity issues
(2) Large cells/debris can cause interference
What would you use to prepare a manual cell count?
Hemacytometer
What type of diluent would be needed to dilute a sample?
Commercial isotonic diluents, isotonic saline (0.85%). Also depends on the fluid type.
How many chambers does a hemacytometer have for manual cell counts?
Two
When running a manual cell count on a hemacytometer, each side must agree at what percent to continue?
20%
What magnification would you use to find the grid on a hemacytometer?
10X
At what position should the condenser be in when performing a manual microscopic?
Down
What magnification would you use to identify cells on a hemacytometer?
40X
How is the grid on a hemacytometer set up?
- 4 larger grids to count WBC’s
- 25 smaller grids to count RBS’s
What is the common appearance of RBC’s?
- Round or crenated (echinocytes)
- Smooth, donut-like (no nucleus)
- Golden color, shiny
What is the common appearance of WBC’s?
- Round or “bumpy” border
- Nucleus; textured insides
How would you count a cell if it sits on the border of the grid within a hemacytometer?
Count any two sides (i.e. left a top border - count; right and bottom border - do not count).
(T/F) You should always perform manual cell counts in duplicate.
True
What should you do if your count doesn’t match within 20%?
Repeat count
Determine if the count should be repeated.
Side 1: 33 cells
Side 2: 27 cells
-20% of 37 = 7 cells (37=Avg of both sides)
-(33-27) = 6
Count is acceptable
Determine if the count should be repeated.
Side 1: 27 cells
Side 2: 42 cells
-20% of 42 = 8 cells (42=Avg of both sides)
-(42-27) = 15
Unacceptable, repeat count.
What is the equation to determine the number of cells per microliter?
- # of cells or squares counted can be averaged or totaled
- Dilution factor = reciprocal of dilution; “1” if undiluted
- Depth = 0.1 mm (for hemacytometer)
- Area of square –> depends on the type of square; Large = 1mm^2; Small = 0.04 mm^2
What is the procedure for using a cytocentrifuged sample?
- Spin for ~5 minutes
- Remove slides
- Let dry completely
- Stain as needed
(T/F) What you see on the cytospin slide should correlate with the cell counts, color, and clarity
True
Identify this cytocentrifuge artifact:
Accentuation of lobulation
Identify this cytocentrifuge artifact:
Peripheral localization of lobes
Identify this cytocentrifuge artifact:
Vacuoles/enhanced parachromatin
Identify this cytocentrifuge artifact:
Central concentration of granules
Identify this cytocentrifuge artifact:
Accentuation of vacuoles
Identify this cytocentrifuge artifact:
Peripheral localization of cytoplasm
Identify this cytocentrifuge artifact:
Irregular blebs and projections
Identify this cytocentrifuge artifact:
Irregular blebs and projections
What is the primary purpose of 10X magnification of manual WBC differentials?
- Scan for clumps/large cells
- If clumps are seen, check for malignant characteristics
Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.
Mature Neutrophils
Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.
Mature Neutrophils
Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.
Normal Mature Lymphocyte
Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.
Normal Mature Lymphocyte
Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.
Monocyte
Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.
Macrophage
Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.
Eosinophils
Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.
Eosinophils
Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.
Basophils
Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.
Basophils
Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.
Malignant Cells
Identify the following cells within a WBC differential.
Malignant Cells
