Body Fluids Exam 1 Flashcards
What percentage must side 1 and side 2 on the hemacytometer agree with in order to move forward with calculating manual cell counts?
(a) 10%
(b) 20%
(c) 25%
(d) 30%
(b) 20%
What power is used to identify cells on the hemacytometer?
(a) 4x
(b) 10x
(c) 40x
(d) 100x
(c) 40x
How many large squares are counted on each side when performing a manual white blood cell count on a hemacytometer?
(a) 2 large squares per side
(b) 4 large squares per side
(c) 5 large squares per side
(d) 8 large squares per side
(b) 4 large squares per side
Given the following information, calculate the white blood cell count. Dilution 1:2 Number of Cells on Side 1: 63 WBCs Number of Cells on Side 2: 57 WBCs Depth: 0.1mm Area of Square: 1mm2
(a) 30 WBCs/uL
(b) 60 WBCs/uL
(c) 300 WBCs/uL
(d) Unable to calculate, side 1 and side 2 do not agree with each other
(c) 300 WBCs/uL
What is the name of the special centrifuge used to create slides for WBC differentials and gram stains?
(a) Ultracentrifuge
(b) Microcentrifuge
(c) Cytocentrifuge
(d) Low-speed centrifuge
(c) Cytocentrifuge
Which of the following is not considered an artifact of cytocentrifuging?
(a) Peripheral localization of lobes
(b) Central concentration of granules
(c) Accentuation of vacuoles
(d) Cell clusters with no “windows” present
(d) Cell clusters with no “windows” present
Identify the following cells as marked by the arrows
(a) Neutrophil
(b) Lymphocyte
(c) Plasma Cell
(d) Monocyte
(b) Lymphocyte
Which of the following cell morphology characteristics is not associated with malignant cells?
(a) Uneven cell borders
(b) Uneven chromatin texture
(c) Peripheral localization of nuclear lobes
(d) Large/irregular nucleoli
(c) Peripheral localization of nuclear lobes
Count the number of WBCs in this square
(a) 26
(b) 24
(c) 2
(d) 4
(c) 2
Why must a body fluid sample be mixed before analyzing color and clarity?
Cells, debris, contamination, and/or chemical components could settle at the bottom of the tube. Similar to urine, it is important to homogenize the sample prior to testing, otherwise, especially during microscopic examination, you may produce inaccurate results.
Where is cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) located within the central nervous system?
(a) Superior saginal sinus
(b) Arachnoid membrane
(c) Central canal
(d) Subarachnoid space
(d) Subarachnoid space
A 19 year old female comes into the emergency department with a fever, headache, and neck stiffness. The physician decides to complete a lumbar puncture and have the CSF evaluated. Upon receipt to the lab, the medical laboratory scientist working in the hematology department goes on their morning break and leaves the sample on the counter. Upon their return, they mix the sample to begin to analyze color and clarity. Next, they make a cytospin slide and perform the WBC and RBC counts on a hemacytometer. What mistake did the medical laboratory scientist make?
(a) The sample should have been diluted before counting WBCs and RBCs.
(b) The sample should have been refrigerated when received in the lab.
(c) The physician should have been notified of the delay in testing.
(d) The sample should not have been left to sit—it should have been analyzed STAT.
(d) The sample should not have been left to sit—it should have been analyzed STAT.
Which CSF tube number should be used for chemical testing?
(a) Tube 1
(b) Tube 2
(c) Tube 3
(d) Tube 4
(a) Tube 1
A yellow, orange, or pink discoloration present in a CSF sample after it has been centrifuged is called
Xanthachromia
What is the cause of xanthachromia?
(a) Bacteria present in CSF
(b) WBCs present in CSF
(c) Lysis of RBCs in CSF
(d) Breakdown of epithelial cells in CSF
(c) Lysis of RBCs in CSF
A 17 year old male comes into the emergency department following a vehicle accident at highway speeds. He was not wearing his seatbelt and was violently thrown from the vehicle. The physician is concerned about a brain bleed, so they collected a CSF sample for analysis. Below are the 4 tubes of CSF collected. There was no xanthachromia present in the sample. Based on this, do you think the patient was experiencing a hemorrhage?
(a) Yes, the patient has a brain hemorrhage
(b) No, this is a traumatic tap
(b) No, this is a traumatic tap
What is the reference protein to assess the permeability of the blood brain barrier?
(a) Albumin
(b) alpha-1 globulins
(c) alpha-2 globulins
(d) beta-1 globulins
(a) Albumin
A 41 year old female presents to her primary care provider’s office with weakness, numbness and tingling in her extremeties, and blurred vision. Her physician orders CSF testing which includes protein electrophoresis. After analysis, oligoclonal bands are found in the CSF. What is the diagnosis for this patient?
(a) Bacterial meningitis
(b) Viral meningitis
(c) Subarachnoid hemorrhage
(d) Multiple Sclerosis
(d) Multiple Sclerosis
What is the predominant cell type found in normal adult CSF?
(a) Neutrophils
(b) Lymphocytes
(c) Monocytes
(d) Choroid Plexus Cells
(b) Lymphocytes
What is the name of the fluid that surrounds the abdominal organs? Select all that apply.
(a) Ascites fluid
(b) Pericardial fluid
(c) Peritoneal fluid
(d) Pleural fluid
(a) Ascites fluid
(c) Peritoneal fluid
A/An ____________ is an effusion that is caused by an increased in hydrostatic pressure and a decrease in plasma oncotic pressure.
Transudate
What is the term used to describe the collection of fluid from the pleural space?
(a) Thoracentesis
(b) Pericardiocentesis
(c) Peritoneocentesis
(d) Lumbar Puncture
(a) Thoracentesis
If a serous fluid needs to have pH testing completed, what pre-analytical factors must be considered? Select all that apply.
(a) Aerobic sampling
(b) Anaerobic sampling
(c) Heparinized syringe
(d) Sample transported on ice to lab
(e) Sodium Fluoride syringe
(a) Aerobic sampling
(c) Heparinized syringe
(d) Sample transported on ice to lab
What color is a chylous/pseudochylous effusion?
(a) Yellow
(b) Green
(c) Red
(d) White/milky
(d) White/milky
What are the lining cells of pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial spaces?
(a) Macrophages
(b) Mesothelial cells
(c) Choroid Plexus cells
(d) Plasma cells
(b) Mesothelial cells
Why are signet ringed cells significant in serous fluids?
(a) They indicate an infection
(b) They indicate a potential malignancy
(c) They indicate the sample is a transudate
(b) They indicate a potential malignancy
Why is pH testing used in pleural fluid?
(a) To help determine what kind of treatment is needed in parapneumonic effusions
(b) To determine if an infection is viral or bacterial
(c) To monitor the progression of a known malignancy
(a) To help determine what kind of treatment is needed in parapneumonic effusions
What is carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)?
(a) Tumor marker used to monitor treatment/spread of cancer
(b) Digestive enzyme
(c) A crystal found in pseudochylous effusions
(a) Tumor marker used to monitor treatment/spread of cancer
What color/clarity results would best correlate with a pleural fluid transduate?
(a) Clear/colorless
(b) Cloudy/red
(c) Cloudy/green
(d) Clear/pale yellow
(d) Clear/pale yellow
Cholesterol crystals present in a milky/white fluid are indicative of a:
(a) Chylous Effusion
(b) Pseudochylous Effusion
(b) Pseudochylous Effusion
What is the normal RBC count in an adult CSF sample?
(a) 0 RBCs/uL
(b) 1-5 RBCs/uL
(c) 1-10 RBCs/uL
(d) 5-15 RBCs/uL
(a) 0 RBCs/uL
Describe the color and clarity of the sample. Assume it has been well mixed.
(a) Yellow/cloudy
(b) Yellow/turbid
(c) Yellow/clear
(c) Yellow/clear
What is the normal volume of CSF in a neonate?
(a) 1-10 mL
(b) 10-60 mL
(c) 85-150 mL
(d) 100-200 mL
(b) 10-60 mL
Which CSF tube should be used for microbial studies?
(a) Tube 1
(b) Tube 2
(c) Tube 3
(d) Tube 4
(b) Tube 2
Which test demonstrates the composition and distribution of proteins in CSF?
(a) Albumin
(b) Total protein
(c) Protein Electrophoresis
(d) Lactate
(c) Protein Electrophoresis
