Introduction to Body Cavities

Question 1

what plane is this?

Answer 1

sagittal

Question 2

what plane is this?

Answer 2

transverse

Question 3

what is the name of this plane?

Answer 3

coronal plane

Question 4

how do u look at an axial CT or MRI?

Answer 4

is if standing by bedside at feet

SO: Left hand site of CT = right hand side of patient

Question 5

what is the cranial cavity continious with?

Answer 5

cranial cavity continues into vertebral canal

Question 6

which subcavities are found in the thoracic region?

Answer 6

thoracic cavity:

• pleural cavity (lungs)
• mediastinum (heart, esophagus, trachea, thoracic nerves and systemic blood vessels)
• pericardial cavity (inside the mediastinum) (heart)

Question 7

what surrounds and protects the brain (inside the skull) - where do they go?

Answer 7

3 membranous layers: meninges - continue down vertebral column:

• dura mater (outer layer)
• arachnoid mater (middle layer - spider leg layer)
• pia meter (closest to brain - follows the contours of the brain and spinal cord

Question 8

what is found betwen the arachnoid and pia meter layers

role of ^?

Answer 8

sub arachnoid space: filled with cerbrospinal fluid

• role: buffers and protects the brain and spinal scord

Question 10

label this correctly

Answer 10

Question 11

what is meningitis?

how test?

Answer 11

inflammation of the meninges

test: test CSF via lumbar puncture

Question 12

what are serous membranes?

Answer 12

serous membranes: sealed, two layered internal cavities of the body. filled with serous fluid:

2 layers are continous:

a) partietal: line body cavity and share nerve supply to body wall: somatic
b) visceral: cover the organ and share same NS to organ: autonomic

Question 13

which are the main three serous membranes?

Answer 13

1. pleural cavity: serous membranes of lung
2. pericardium: serous membrane o fheart
3. peritoneum: serous membrane of (continuous membrane which lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs)

Question 14

how many pleural cavities are there?

whats in the mediastinum?

whats the pericardium

Answer 14

• 2 - 2 lungs lol
• mediastinum: where following are collected: heart, great vessels, trachea, oesophagus etc
• peridcardium: a thin sac that surrounds your heart.

Question 15

what is inbetween the viesceral and parietal pleura?

function of ^?

Answer 15

1. pleural fluid
2. function:
   - reduces friction of expansion / depression
   - help stick viseral pleura to parietal pleura

Question 16

describe the structure of the pericardium

Answer 16

- viseral pericardium (surface of heart)

- parietal pericardium (ourtside of visc)

- parietal cavity: space between ^. filled with fluid

- fibrous pericardium: fibrous sack

Question 17

why is it bad if fibrous pericardium gets fluid in it?

Answer 17

bc cannot expand - so fluid drains into sac and builds up and compress the heart = cardiac tampondade

Question 18

what are these?

Answer 18

A - left lung

B - pleural cavity

C - oesophagus

D - thoracic aorta

E - peridcardium

Question 19

how do you split up the regions of the abdomen?

Answer 19

Question 20

what is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity?

Answer 20

peritoneum: has a visceral and parietal layer. BUT bc visercal layer folds to contain lots of different organs - get lots of different folds in peritoneum

Question 21

label these

Answer 21

phyloric sphincter controls movement of food into duodenum

Question 22

which organ does duodenum curl around?

Answer 22

head of the pancreas - pancreatic and bile ducts drain into duodenum

Question 23

which ducts drain into the duodenum?

Answer 23

1. pancreatic duct
2. bile duct

Question 24

where is pancreas found?

is the pancreas an exocrine or endocrine gland?

Answer 24

location: posterior abdomen wall

both !

Question 25

which organ is connected to the liver?

Answer 25

connected to **gall bladder:** liver produces bile, stored in gall bladder (which then goes to duodenum)

Question 26

what are the names for the different parts of the small intestine?

Answer 26

**duodenum -\> jejunum -\> ileum** jejunum: **upper left** ileum: lower right quadrant

Question 27

what are the different parts of the colon?

Answer 27

Question 28

what does spleen do ? what type of organ?

Answer 28

_location_: upper left hand side of abdomen. behind stomach. quite posteriorly _organ type:_ lympathic organ

Question 29

which kidney sits higher than the other? why? ## Footnote which gland is located superiorly to the kidney? what is pathway from kidney to urethra?

Answer 29

**right kidney is lower than left:** liver pushes it down above kidneys: **adrenal glands** kidneys -\> ureter -\> bladder -\> urethra

Question 30

how do you describe the different organs that located with the peritoneum?

Answer 30

- organs stuck to the **posterior abdomen wall: peritoneum** covers the **anterior** **surface** of the **organ** (these organs = **_retroperiotneal_** **organs**) - organs that are full covered: **_intraperitoneal_ organs**

Question 31

which organs are retroperitneal?

Answer 31

**_SAD PUCKER_** ## Footnote **S:** suprarenal (adrenal) gland **A**: aorta/IVC **D: d**uodenum (second and third part) **P:** pancreas (except tail) **U:** ureters **C:** colon (ascending and descending) **K**: kidneys **E**: (o)oesophagus **R**: rectum

Answer 32

GO: **greater omentum fold** LO**: lesser omentum fold** M: **mesentery folds** MC: **mesocolon fold**

Question 33

label this correctly pls xox

Answer 33

Question 34

what colours on the diagram are the lesser sac and the greater sac?

Answer 34

**greater sac:** green and peach **lesser sac:** blue

Question 35

what is the epiploic foramen?

Answer 35

The epiploic foramen (also called the foramen of Winslow) is **a passage between the greater sac (peritoneal cavity proper) and the lesser sac (omental bursa),** allowing communication between these two spaces.

Question 36

identify A-E :)

Answer 36

A: right kidney B: liver C: gall bladder D: pancreas E: lumbar vert

Question 37

what seperates the thoracic and abdomenal organs? what seperates the abdomen and pelvic organs?

Answer 37

1. diaphragm 2. nothing: abdominal peritoneum drapes over the pelvic organs

Question 38

how does the abdominal peritoneum