Introduction: Soil Stress and Load Behavior

Question 1

What is soil consolidation?

Answer 1

The process where soil volume decreases due to the expulsion of water from its pores under a sustained load.

Question 2

What are the two types of settlement?

Answer 2

1. Equal settlement – Occurs uniformly across a structure.
2. Differential settlement – Uneven settling, causing tilting or structural damage.

Question 3

What is bearing capacity in soil mechanics?

Answer 3

The ability of soil to support applied loads without failure. Expressed in MPa or N/mm².

Question 4

What factors affect bearing capacity?

Answer 4

1. Moisture content
2. Soil grain structure
3. Compaction and density
4. Soil type

Question 5

What is the difference between balance and stability in soil mechanics?

Answer 5

• Balance: A structure remains stationary but could shift under a small force.
• Stability: A structure returns to its original position after disturbance.

Question 6

What are the key forces acting on soil?

Answer 6

1. Normal stress (from loads above)
2. Shear stress (from sliding forces)
3. Buoyancy forces (from groundwater)
4. Gravity and settlement forces