Consolidation: Groundwater and Consolidation

Question 1

What is the relationship between groundwater level and settlement?

Answer 1

• Higher groundwater → Less effective stress → Less settlement.
• Lower groundwater → More effective stress → More settlement.

Question 2

What happens when groundwater is drained?

Answer 2

1. Water pressure decreases.
2. Effective stress increases, causing more settlement.
3. Can lead to pile foundation issues, pipe damage, and subsidence.

Question 3

What are the consequences of groundwater lowering?

Answer 3

1. Settlement of streets, buildings, and pipes.
2. Pile rot in wooden foundations (if they dry out).
3. Increased negative skin friction on piles.