Introduction Flashcards
Used to examine components of individual cells, including synapses
Electron microscope
Used to examine electrical activity of individual neurons
Microelectrodes
3D x-ray of the brain; good for distinguishing between hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke
CAT
Inject radioactive tracer into blood; Radioactive signal is measured; As part of the brain becomes active, blood flow to that area increases
PET
What are the main functions of the spinal cord?
- Conduct information between the periphery and the brain
- Process information
- Simple and complex reflex responses
Looks at effect of magnetic field on atoms; Produces a 3-D image of brain; Can also provide activity information about activity-related blood flow
MRI
The Medulla, Pons, and Midbrain are components of the
brainstem
What are the parts of the CNS?
- Spinal region
- Brainstem and cerebellum
- Cerebral area
Nerve roots are considered to be part of the _______.
Spinal region
What horn of the gray matter contains sensory processing cells? what horn contains lower motor neurons? What horn contains autonomic neurons?
Dorsal; ventral; lateral horn (T1-L2)
What is contained in the gray matter?
- Cell bodies (motor neurons, interneurons)
2. Nerve endings (sensory neurons)
Periphery of spinal cord
White matter
What information is contained in the dorsal column of white matter? is it ascending or descending?
Sensory; ascending
The brainstem has regions that control _____ and ______.
Consciousness; autonomic function
What are the functions of the cerebellum?
- Coordination
- Balance and equilibrium
- Helps control eye movements
What is contained in the diencephalon?
- Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
Relay center for information that is entering the cerebral cortex; all sensation except smell travels through before it goes to the cortex
Thalamus
Region of the brain that has visceral control; fine tunes basic biological body control (body temp, HR, etc.)
Hypothalamus
Where is gray matter in the cerebral cortex?
Outside (it is inside in the spinal cord); indicates where cell bodies are
What are the 4 anatomical lobes of the cerebral cortex?
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
Cerebral cortex lobe that is defined by function; situated in parts of all lobes; connects psychological and physical aspects of our body
Limbic
What are the two arteries that supply the brain?
- Internal carotid artery
2. Vertebral artery
What is the function of ventricles?
Cushions the brain
A pattern of S&S that indicate injury to a specific part of the nervous system
Syndrome
Distribution of lesions: Single lesion that effects one part of the nervous system
Focal
Distribution of lesions: More than 1 lesion that effects the nervous system; i.e., in a car accident, lesion at point of contact and opposite side of the head
Multifocal
Distribution of lesions: Nonspecific point, but rather a damaged region; effects all parts of the brain (inflammatory and degenerative diseases)
Diffuse
When initially diagnosing a lesion, what distribution of lesion should you assume the pt has?
Focal
Collection of cell bodies in the CNS
Nucleus
Collection of cells bodies in the PNS
Ganglion (basal ganglion is an exception)
