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Neuroscience > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

the maintenance of an optimal internal environment, including body temp and chemical composition of tissues and fluids

A

Homeostasis

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2
Q

What plays a big role in controlling homeostasis?

A

controlling blood flow

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3
Q

What receptor types are included in autonomic sensation?

A
  1. Mechanoreceptors -Stretch/ Pressure (bladder full, GI tract, BP)
  2. Nociceptors - Pain
  3. Thermoreceptors - Temperature (measures external and internal temp, to adjust accordingly)
  4. Chemoreceptors - Oxygen, pH
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4
Q

Where are chemoreceptors of the ANS located and what do they measure?

A
  1. Carotid and aortic bodies for O2
  2. Medulla for pH levels
  3. Hypothalamus for glucose and electrolyte levels
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5
Q

What do the nociceptors in the ANS respond to? where are they located?

A
  1. Stretch
  2. Ischemia
    - walls of arteries and internal viscera
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6
Q

What do the mechanoreceptors of the ANS respond to? where are they located?

A
  1. Pressure - aortic artery, carotid sinus (blood pressure)

2. stretch - bladder, veins

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7
Q

Where are the thermoreceptors of the ANS located? what do they respond to?

A
  1. hypothalamus - internal temperature

2. skin - outside temperature

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8
Q

How does ANS information get into the CNS?

A
  1. Dorsal roots - travel with the normal nerves

2. Cranial nerve - Taste information (7, 9 and 10) and visceral sensation (9 and 10)

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9
Q

Where are visceral control areas? what do they control?

A
  1. Medulla- HR, respiration, blood vessels (vasodilation)

2. Pons - respiratin

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10
Q

Where are visceral modulatory areas? what do they control?

A
  1. Hypothalamus - overal control of homeostaces (cardiorespiratory, metabolic, water reabsorption, and digestion)
  2. Thalamus - relay station that gives the info to the limbic cortex (connection btwn visceral fxns and emotions/ psychological state)
  3. Limbic system - can produce autonomic responses (anxiety, blushing with embarrassment, crying)
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11
Q

How many neurons are included in the efferent motor system of the PNS?

A

two;

  1. CNS (preganglionic)
  2. PNS (postganglionic)
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12
Q

What is the preganglionic neurotransmitter in the ANS? what is the receptor it binds to?

A

Acytlcholine; nicotinic receptors

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13
Q

What neurotransmitter do sympathetic postgangliongic neurons that go to sweat glands and some blood vessels produce? what do the receptors bind to?

A

Acytlcholine; muscarinic receptors

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14
Q

What neurotransmitter do most sympathetic postganglionic neurons produce? what are its target receptors?

A

NE; Alpha and Beta receptors

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15
Q

What does the adrenal medulla release? What receptors?

A

primarily Epinephrine
secondarily NE
- alpha and beta receptors

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16
Q

What neurotransmitter parasympathetic postganglionic neurons produce? what are its target receptors?

A

ACh; Muscarinic receptors

17
Q

What neurotransmitter somatic neurons produce? what are its target receptors?

A

ACh; nicotinic receptors

-no pre/post ganglionic neurons in somatic NS

18
Q

What spinal levels are pregagnlionic neurons located?

A

T1-L2

19
Q

What are the targets of the ANS?

A
  • GI tract
  • Skin of extremities and face (sweat glands, hair sticking up, oil glands) - Only supplied by sympathetic fxn, no parasympathetic fxn
20
Q

What does the adrenergic (sympathetic) do to blood vessels? cholinergic?

A
  • vasoconstriction

- cholinergic

21
Q

What are the functions of the sympathetic NS at the heart, lungs, and GI tract?

A
  1. increase HR and contractility (Beta 1)
  2. Bronchodilation (beta 2)
  3. Slows down GI tract
22
Q

What are the ganglia above T1 (in the neck region)?

A
  1. Superior cervical ganglion
  2. Middle cervical ganglion
  3. Stellate ganglion (inferior cervical ganglion)
    - Sympathetic fxns: control heart (BV), lungs, skin in the face (BV, sweating), pupil dilation, 1 muscle that opens the eye, thick saliva
23
Q

What regulates body temp in the sympathetic nervous system?

A
  1. Increase metabolic rate (warms)
  2. Decreased blood flow to the skin (warms)
  3. Sweating (cools)
  4. Erection of hair (warms)
24
Q

What is another name for Parasympathetic NS? sympathetic?

A

Cranialsacral (brainstem, S2,S4); thoracolumbar

25
Q

What is the parasympathetic function for CN III?

A

(oculomotor)

  1. Constrict pupil
  2. Increases convexity of lens – near vision
26
Q

What is the parasympathetic function for CN VII?

A

(facial)

- Salivary glands

27
Q

What is the parasympathetic function for CN IX?

A

(glossopharyngeal)

  1. Salivary glands
  2. Lacrimal glands
28
Q

What is the parasympathetic function for CN IX?

A

(vagus; 75% of brainstem autonomic efferents)

  1. Heart
  2. Lungs
  3. Upper GI tract
  4. Liver
29
Q

What is the parasympathetic function for S2-S4 nerves?

A
  1. bowel and bladder

2. sexual organs

30
Q

What are the unique functions in the sympathetic system that do not have an opposition by the parasympathetic NS?

A
  1. Effectors in limbs, face and body wall

2. Assist in elevation of upper eyelid (other part is skeletal muscle and somatic motor system)

31
Q

What are the unique functions in the parasympathetic system that do not have an opposition by the sympathetic NS?

A

Increasing convexity of lens

32
Q

What happens if the sympathetic innervation is lost to the skin through a peripheral nerve?

A
  1. lose ability to vasoconstrict in the skin; skin will be flushed
  2. inability to sweat
    - seen horner’s syndrome
33
Q

Damage to cervical ganglia (either to or from); loss of pupil constriction on involved side; eye droop on involved side; flushing and loss of sweating on involved side
one cause is a pancoast tumor (lung cancer in top part of the lung) grows medially and damages ganglia

A

Horner’s Syndrome

34
Q

What problems are seen in SCIs?

A
  1. Bowel and bladder control problems
  2. BP regulation
  3. Body temperature
35
Q

What problems are seen in brain stem injuries?

A
  • visceral control area so:
    1. Interfere with control of heart rate, blood pressure, respiration
    2. May affect cranial nerve nuclei (many go through this area, damage to vagus nerve and other parasympathetic nerves)
36
Q

What problems are seen in hypothalamus injuries?

A

Disrupts homeostasis (metabolic and behavioral dysfunctions)

  • Weight
  • Temperature regulation
  • Emotional displays

Neuroscience (19 decks)

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