Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anterior Segment > Intro to Refractive & Cataract Surgery > Flashcards

Intro to Refractive & Cataract Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

the cornea has how much power in diopters? the lens?

A 
cornea = 40.00 D
lens = 20.00 D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

corneal refractive surgery changes what?

A

corneal curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when treating myopia with refractive surgery, what do you do to the cornea?

A

flatten the central cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

when treating hyperopia with refractive surgery, what do you do to the cornea?

A

steepen the central cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the process called when you sculpt the cornea?

A

keratomileusis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a parallel faced corneal disc?

A

microkeratome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what refractive procedure was an accidental finding that used radial cuts to flatten the cornea?

A

radial keratotomy (RK)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the procedure called when you cut & freeze ~300μm layer, reshape it using a lathe, then corneal disc is sutured back onto the eye?

A

keratomileusis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

in radial keratotomy, multiple radial cuts are made where? what does it do?

A

peripheral corneal stroma → relaxes cornea & causing flattening of cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which refractive procedure is used to correct mild to moderate myopia?

A

radial keratotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why is radial keratotomy no longer popular or the safest option?

A
  • corneal integrity is compromised

- instability of refractive results (hyperopic shifts over time & Rx changes w/ diurnal IOP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which refractive procedure is also known as limbal relaxing incisions & used to correcting astigmatism?

A

arcuate keratotomy (AK)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in arcuate keratotomy, LRI incisions are made where?

A

at the steeper axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what procedure uses two PMMA semicircular ring segments designed to be surgically inserted into deep corneal stroma to flatten the central cornea?

A

intacs (aka instrastromal corneal ring segments - ICRS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

intacs correct for what refractive error?

A

mild myopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

intacs are now used as treatment for what? what does it do?

A

mild to moderate keratoconus → provides structural support for the cone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what refractive procedure uses high frequency radio waves to steepen the cornea?

A

conductive keratoplasty (CK)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

conductive keratotomy corrects what refractive errors?

A

hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

conductive keratotomy induces what? what does that do?

A

a retraction in corneal collagen cells → steepens central cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

conductive keratotomy corrects up to how many diopters of hyperopia?

A

+3.00 D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what uses reactive gases (eg, chlorine & fluorine) when electrically excited to emits UV light which can make very precise minute changes to biological tissue

A

excimer laser (IBM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what refractive procedure used excimer lasers & was a a precursor to LASIK?

A

photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

in PRK, what is applied to the cornea to dissolve the epithelial layer?

A

diluted alchohol solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

in PRK, the excimer laser sculpts which corneal structure to correct refractive error?

A

stromal tissue

25
in PRK, after the laser corrects the refractive error, what is used to protect the eye?
antibiotic protective bandage lens is placed over eye
26
what is used in PRK to reduce risk of PRK haze? where is it applied to? what refractive error is it used for?
mitomycin-C (MMC) -- anti-metabolite - applied to stromal bed - used in high myopic corrections
27
PRK is indicated for correction of how much myopia? astigmatism? hyperopia?
≤ -12.00 D of myopia ≤ -4.00 D of astigmatism ≤ +5.00 D of hyperopia
28
what is considered a stable manifest refraction for PRK?
less than or equal to 0.50D change w/in the last 1-2 years
29
is PRK or LASIK recommended for thin corneas?
PRK
30
is PRK or LASIK recommended for dry eye patients?
PRK
31
is PRK or LASIK recommended for combat/contact sports
PRK
32
what refractive procedure can be used for LASIK enhancement?
PRK
33
what procedure is used for corneal scars or degenerations such as EBMD?
phototherapeutic keratectomy
34
in PRK, how long is the bandage CL left in place?
3-7 days
35
when do the "seams" of epithelium meet after PRK?
~3rd-4th day
36
when are bandage CLs removed after PRK? what is used to remove it?
~3rd-5th day gently with forceps
37
topical steroids are used for how long after PRK? why?
~1-3 months | to reduce haze & decrease chance of scar formation in the stroma
38
topical antibiotics are used for how long after PRK?
for 1 week
39
what refractive procedure is a combination of microkeratome & excimer laser?
LASIK
40
what is the older method of creating flaps in LASIK?
microkeratome
41
what is the newer method to create flaps in LASIK?
femtosecond laser
42
modern LASIK uses what?
both femtosecond & excimer lasers
43
why must use of contact lenses be stopped before LASIK or PRK?
CLs will distort the cornea
44
how long do you have to de-adapt with spherical contact lenses?
3 days - 1 week
45
how long do you have to de-adapt with toric CLs?
1-3 weeks
46
how long do you have to de-adapt with gas permeable contacts?
1 month per decade
47
can someone with an uncontrolled systemic or autoimmune condition be a candidate for LASIK/PRK?
no
48
can someone with dry eyes that haven't been treated be a candidate for LASIK/PRK?
no
49
if someone has no ocular pathology, are they a good candidate for LASIK/PRK?
yes
50
what procedures must be done pre-op for LASIK/PRK?
- cycloplegic refraction | - DFE
51
at least how many microns must be left in the residual stromal bed according to FDA guidelines? most surgeons prefer how many microns? why?
- FDA → at least 250 microns | - surgeons → prefer to stay above 300 to reduce risk of ectasia
52
in cortical cataracts, if the spokes are in the visual axis, what will occur?
monocular diplopia
53
in posterior subcapsular cataracts, why are there significant symptoms despite a mild presentation?
posterior capsule is an optical nodal point
54
why must you document if a patient is diabetic prior to cataract surgery?
diabetics are prone to macular edema
55
why do you have to observe for blepharitis prior to cataract surgery?
bacterial infection of S. aureus → don't want it to cause endophthalmitis
56
why is it important to note any dystrophies or degenerations prior to cataract surgery?
RCEs can occur after surgery
57
why is it important to note if there is pseudoexfoliation prior to cataract surgery?
iris sphincter won't work as well → can't dilate as well (which is what the surgery needs)
58
why do you check for Seidel's sign post-op for cataract surgery?
to check to leakage of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber

Anterior Segment (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions