Immunology Flashcards
what are the first, second, & third line of defense
first - skin & mucus membranes
second - innate arm of immune system
third - adaptive immune system
barriers, cells & serum proteins are part of which arm of immunity
innate
which arm of immunity is mediated by lymphocytes (B & T cells)
adaptive
what cells in innate immunity destroy infected/damaged cells
phagocytes - neutrophils, macrophages
what cells in innate immunity result in cell lysis
NK cells
what stem cell do all cells in the blood originate from
CD34+
what are the 4 steps in phagocytosis
chemotaxis, recognition, ingestion, digestion
the complement cascade is activated by which immunoglobulins
IgG & IgM
the complement cascade is most effective against what kind of cells
bacterial & those coated with antibodies
what are the key inflammatory mediators that coordinate an appropriate immune response
cytokines
what does inflammation result in
calor (heat), dolor (pain), rubor (redness), tumor (swelling)
which granulocyte is most abundant
neutrophils
what are the antigen presenting cells
monocyte (in blood), macrophage (in tissue), dendritic cells
which cell type is typically the first to arrive at the site of infection
neutrophils
which cell type is associated with bacterial infections
neutrophils
which cell type is associated with allergies
basophils
which cell type is the bridge between innate & adaptive immune system
monocytes/macrophages
what are the 4 major classes of cytokines
interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, colony stimulating factors
what type of cytokine is produced by epithelial cells of mucus membranes
lysozymes
are B-cells part of cell-mediated immunity or humoral-mediated immunity
humoral-mediated immunity
what are the primary & secondary lymphoid organs
primary - bone marrow & thymus
secondary - lymph nodes, spleen, mucus-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), germinal center
where do B & T cells originate & mature
B cells - originate & mature in bone marrow
T cells - originate in bone marrow & mature in thymus
which immunoglobulin is the largest antibody & is best at complement activation
IgM
which immunoglobulin is predominant in blood & lymph and functions as an opsonin
IgG
which immunoglobulin is an important antiviral antibody & is the major Ig in the body
also found in tears, saliva, resp. tract
IgA
which immunoglobulin causes an allergic reaction & protects against parasitic worms
IgE
which immune response is characterized by IgM production & is a slower response
primary response
which immune response needs T cell help
secondary response (aka memory response)
what serves as flag poles that present antigen particles to T-cells to either have self-recognition or destruction
major histocompatability complex (MHC)
what is the MHC of humans
human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
which MHC class is expressed by macrophages, B cells, & dendritic cells to present Ag to CD4+ cells
class II MHC
which MHC class present antigen to CD8+ cells
class I MHC
which hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE
type I
what are the two chemical mediators of allergies in a type I reaction
histamine & leukotrienes
which hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgM or IgG & results in cell lysis
type II
which hypersensitivity reaction has large Ag-Ab complexes that activate complement & attract neutrophils
type III
which hypersensitivity is delayed-type that releases mediators by sensitized CD4+ T cells to provoke tissue destruction
type IV
what cell is capable of phagocytosis?
macrophage
what is the first immunoglobulin to appear during the primary immune response?
IgM
