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Anterior Segment > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the first, second, & third line of defense

A

first - skin & mucus membranes
second - innate arm of immune system
third - adaptive immune system

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2
Q

barriers, cells & serum proteins are part of which arm of immunity

A

innate

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3
Q

which arm of immunity is mediated by lymphocytes (B & T cells)

A

adaptive

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4
Q

what cells in innate immunity destroy infected/damaged cells

A

phagocytes - neutrophils, macrophages

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5
Q

what cells in innate immunity result in cell lysis

A

NK cells

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6
Q

what stem cell do all cells in the blood originate from

A

CD34+

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7
Q

what are the 4 steps in phagocytosis

A

chemotaxis, recognition, ingestion, digestion

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8
Q

the complement cascade is activated by which immunoglobulins

A

IgG & IgM

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9
Q

the complement cascade is most effective against what kind of cells

A

bacterial & those coated with antibodies

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10
Q

what are the key inflammatory mediators that coordinate an appropriate immune response

A

cytokines

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11
Q

what does inflammation result in

A

calor (heat), dolor (pain), rubor (redness), tumor (swelling)

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12
Q

which granulocyte is most abundant

A

neutrophils

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13
Q

what are the antigen presenting cells

A

monocyte (in blood), macrophage (in tissue), dendritic cells

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14
Q

which cell type is typically the first to arrive at the site of infection

A

neutrophils

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15
Q

which cell type is associated with bacterial infections

A

neutrophils

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16
Q

which cell type is associated with allergies

A

basophils

17
Q

which cell type is the bridge between innate & adaptive immune system

A

monocytes/macrophages

18
Q

what are the 4 major classes of cytokines

A

interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, colony stimulating factors

19
Q

what type of cytokine is produced by epithelial cells of mucus membranes

A

lysozymes

20
Q

are B-cells part of cell-mediated immunity or humoral-mediated immunity

A

humoral-mediated immunity

21
Q

what are the primary & secondary lymphoid organs

A

primary - bone marrow & thymus

secondary - lymph nodes, spleen, mucus-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), germinal center

22
Q

where do B & T cells originate & mature

A

B cells - originate & mature in bone marrow

T cells - originate in bone marrow & mature in thymus

23
Q

which immunoglobulin is the largest antibody & is best at complement activation

A

IgM

24
Q

which immunoglobulin is predominant in blood & lymph and functions as an opsonin

A

IgG

25
Q

which immunoglobulin is an important antiviral antibody & is the major Ig in the body

also found in tears, saliva, resp. tract

A

IgA

26
Q

which immunoglobulin causes an allergic reaction & protects against parasitic worms

A

IgE

27
Q

which immune response is characterized by IgM production & is a slower response

A

primary response

28
Q

which immune response needs T cell help

A

secondary response (aka memory response)

29
Q

what serves as flag poles that present antigen particles to T-cells to either have self-recognition or destruction

A

major histocompatability complex (MHC)

30
Q

what is the MHC of humans

A

human leukocyte antigen (HLA)

31
Q

which MHC class is expressed by macrophages, B cells, & dendritic cells to present Ag to CD4+ cells

A

class II MHC

32
Q

which MHC class present antigen to CD8+ cells

A

class I MHC

33
Q

which hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE

A

type I

34
Q

what are the two chemical mediators of allergies in a type I reaction

A

histamine & leukotrienes

35
Q

which hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgM or IgG & results in cell lysis

A

type II

36
Q

which hypersensitivity reaction has large Ag-Ab complexes that activate complement & attract neutrophils

A

type III

37
Q

which hypersensitivity is delayed-type that releases mediators by sensitized CD4+ T cells to provoke tissue destruction

A

type IV

38
Q

what cell is capable of phagocytosis?

A

macrophage

39
Q

what is the first immunoglobulin to appear during the primary immune response?

A

IgM

Anterior Segment (37 decks)

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