Immunology

Question 1

what are the first, second, & third line of defense

Answer 1

first - skin & mucus membranes
second - innate arm of immune system
third - adaptive immune system

Question 2

barriers, cells & serum proteins are part of which arm of immunity

Answer 2

innate

Question 3

which arm of immunity is mediated by lymphocytes (B & T cells)

Answer 3

adaptive

Question 4

what cells in innate immunity destroy infected/damaged cells

Answer 4

phagocytes - neutrophils, macrophages

Question 5

what cells in innate immunity result in cell lysis

Answer 5

NK cells

Question 6

what stem cell do all cells in the blood originate from

Answer 6

CD34+

Question 7

what are the 4 steps in phagocytosis

Answer 7

chemotaxis, recognition, ingestion, digestion

Question 8

the complement cascade is activated by which immunoglobulins

Answer 8

IgG & IgM

Question 9

the complement cascade is most effective against what kind of cells

Answer 9

bacterial & those coated with antibodies

Question 10

what are the key inflammatory mediators that coordinate an appropriate immune response

Answer 10

cytokines

Question 11

what does inflammation result in

Answer 11

calor (heat), dolor (pain), rubor (redness), tumor (swelling)

Question 12

which granulocyte is most abundant

Answer 12

neutrophils

Question 13

what are the antigen presenting cells

Answer 13

monocyte (in blood), macrophage (in tissue), dendritic cells

Question 14

which cell type is typically the first to arrive at the site of infection

Answer 14

neutrophils

Question 15

which cell type is associated with bacterial infections

Answer 15

neutrophils

Question 16

which cell type is associated with allergies

Answer 16

basophils

Question 17

which cell type is the bridge between innate & adaptive immune system

Answer 17

monocytes/macrophages

Question 18

what are the 4 major classes of cytokines

Answer 18

interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, colony stimulating factors

Question 19

what type of cytokine is produced by epithelial cells of mucus membranes

Answer 19

lysozymes

Question 20

are B-cells part of cell-mediated immunity or humoral-mediated immunity

Answer 20

humoral-mediated immunity

Question 21

what are the primary & secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 21

primary - bone marrow & thymus

secondary - lymph nodes, spleen, mucus-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), germinal center

Question 22

where do B & T cells originate & mature

Answer 22

B cells - originate & mature in bone marrow

T cells - originate in bone marrow & mature in thymus

Question 23

which immunoglobulin is the largest antibody & is best at complement activation

Answer 23

IgM

Question 24

which immunoglobulin is predominant in blood & lymph and functions as an opsonin

Answer 24

IgG

Question 25

which immunoglobulin is an important antiviral antibody & is the major Ig in the body also found in tears, saliva, resp. tract

Answer 25

IgA

Question 26

which immunoglobulin causes an allergic reaction & protects against parasitic worms

Answer 26

IgE

Question 27

which immune response is characterized by IgM production & is a slower response

Answer 27

primary response

Question 28

which immune response needs T cell help

Answer 28

secondary response (aka memory response)

Question 29

what serves as flag poles that present antigen particles to T-cells to either have self-recognition or destruction

Answer 29

major histocompatability complex (MHC)

Question 30

what is the MHC of humans

Answer 30

human leukocyte antigen (HLA)

Question 31

which MHC class is expressed by macrophages, B cells, & dendritic cells to present Ag to CD4+ cells

Answer 31

class II MHC

Question 32

which MHC class present antigen to CD8+ cells

Answer 32

class I MHC

Question 33

which hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE

Answer 33

type I

Question 34

what are the two chemical mediators of allergies in a type I reaction

Answer 34

histamine & leukotrienes

Question 35

which hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgM or IgG & results in cell lysis

Answer 35

type II

Question 36

which hypersensitivity reaction has large Ag-Ab complexes that activate complement & attract neutrophils

Answer 36

type III

Question 37

which hypersensitivity is delayed-type that releases mediators by sensitized CD4+ T cells to provoke tissue destruction

Answer 37

type IV

Question 38

what cell is capable of phagocytosis?

Answer 38

macrophage

Question 39

what is the first immunoglobulin to appear during the primary immune response?

Answer 39

IgM