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Anterior Segment > Corneal Degenerations > Flashcards

Corneal Degenerations Flashcards

1
Q

a process in which normal elements of a tissue are transformed is termed what

A

degeneration

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2
Q

degeneration is associated with what

A

aging of tissues

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3
Q

degeneration can result from what

A

metabolic diseases

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4
Q

are degenerations benign or detrimental to normal function

A

can be either one

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5
Q

which degeneration is caused by vacuoles within corneal stroma & irregular alignment of stromal lamellae

A

Crocodile Shagreen

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6
Q

this clinical finding is indicative of which degeneration:

  • grayish-white polygonal stromal opacities separated by clear space
  • often involves anterior 2/3 of stroma
  • can involve posterior 1/3 of stroma
A

Crocodile Shagreen

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7
Q

what symptoms do pts with Crocodile Shagreen have

A

asymptomatic

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8
Q

what is the most common peripheral corneal opacity

A

Arcus Senilis

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9
Q

what age population does Arcus Senilis occur in & are there any predisposing factors

A
  • occurs in elderly pts w/ no predisposing systemic pt.
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10
Q

if Arcus Senilis is seen in a pt under 40, what does this mean & what should be done

A

may be associated w/ dyslipidemia → order lipid panel

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11
Q

these signs are indicative of which degeneration:

  • stromal lipid deposition that typically starts in superior & inferior perilimbal corrnea & progresses circumferentially
  • separated from limbus by a clear zone
A

Arcus Senilis

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12
Q

if Arcus Senilis is very dense, what appearance can it give

A

“blue eye” appearance

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13
Q

these clinical findings are indicative of which degeneration:

  • whitish crescentic perilimbal bands at 9 &/or 3 o’clock
  • can have “swiss cheese” hole pattern
  • can have a clear interval between girdle & limbus
A

Limbal Girdle of Vogt

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14
Q

which type of Limbal Girdle of Vogt may be an early form of band keratopathy

A

type I

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15
Q

which type of Limbal Girdle of Vogt is more common

A

type II

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16
Q

which type of Limbal Girdle of Vogt is caused by subepithelial degeneration & calcium deposits

A

type I

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17
Q

which type of Limbal Girdle of Vogt is caused by degeneration of subepithelial collagen

A

type II

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18
Q

which degeneration is caused by an accelerated calcium salt deposits in Bowman’s, epithelial basement membrane, & anterior stroma

A

band keratopathy

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19
Q

these clinical findings are indicative of which degeneration:

  • interpalpebral
  • initially gray deposits → can become chalky-white as it progresses
  • often begins at 3 & 9 o’clock, then spreads horizontally
  • sharply demarcated edge separated from limbus by clear zone
A

band keratopathy

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20
Q

these ocular manifestations can cause which degeneration:

  • chronic low-grade anterior uveitis (especially in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis)
  • phthisis bulbi
  • chronic stromal edema
  • silicone oil in anterior chamber
A

band keratopathy

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21
Q

what are other causes of band keratopathy besides ocular manifestations

A
  • age-related

- metabolic disorder

22
Q

these metabolic conditions can cause which degeneration:

  • hypercalcemia due to hyperparathyroidism
  • vitamin D toxicity
  • sarcoidosis
  • renal failure
A

band keratopathy

23
Q

what can band keratopathy result in

A
  • ocular irritation
  • irregular astigmatism
  • decreased VA
24
Q

how can you manage ocular irritation in band keratopathy

A

topical lubricants

25
Q

how can you manage irregular astigmatism in band keratopathy if visual axis is clear

A

RGP CLs

26
Q

what is the more common treatment for band keratopathy

A

chelation

27
Q

these treatments are for which degeneration:

  • chelation
  • diamond burr
  • laser phototherapeutic keratectomy
  • lamellar keratoplasty
A

band keratopathy

28
Q

what degeneration is histologically similar to pinguecula

A

pterygium

29
Q

how is a pterygium different from a pinguecula

A

pterygium invades Bowman’s layer

pinguecula does not involve the cornea

30
Q

what degeneration is caused by elastotic degeneration of vascularized subepithelial stromal collagen

A

pterygium

31
Q

this clinical finding is indicative of which degneration:

  • triangular fibrovascular subepithelial growth of degenerative bulbar conjunctival tissue over the limbus into the interpalpebral cornea
A

pterygium

32
Q

pts who live in hot climates or have chronic UV exposure or have ocular surface dryness can develop which degeneration

A

pterygium

33
Q

these symptoms are indicative of which degeneration:

  • small lesions are asymptomatic
  • can cause dellen at advancing edge
  • decreased vision from induced astigmatism & obscuration of visual axis
  • acute pain if inflamed
A

pterygium

34
Q

these signs are indicative of which degeneration:

  • fibrovascular corneal lesion
  • linear epithelial iron depositions: Stocker’s line
A

pterygium

35
Q

how can you treat a pterygium

A

ocular lubricants & UV protection

36
Q

how do you treat a severe pterygium

A

excisional surgery (but can recur after)

37
Q

what is a rare, non-inflammatory, slowly progressive & usually bilateral degeneration that occurs most commonly in middle-aged women

A

Salzmann nodular degeneration

38
Q

this clinical finding is indicative of which degeneration:

  • opacities progress to elevated whitish or blue-gray nodular lesions that can lead to epithelial thinning & stromal scarring
A

Salzmann nodular degeneration

39
Q

which degeneration can occur in any form of chronic corneal irritation or inflammation such as:

  • dry eye
  • chronic blepharitis
  • chronic allergic conjunctivitis
A

Salzmann nodular degeneration

40
Q

these symptoms are indicative of which degeneration:

  • gradual, painless vision loss
  • foreign body sensation
  • induced hyperopia & irregular astigmatism
A

Salzmann nodular degeneration

41
Q

how do you treat Salzmann nodular degeneration & what do you do in severe cases

A
  • manage underlying etiology
  • topical lubricants
  • surgical intervention if severe
42
Q

which degeneration is an uncommon idiopathic thinning of the peripheral corneal stroma that occurs in men a lot more than women

A

Terrien’s marginal degeneration

43
Q

these clinical findings are indicative of which degeneration:

  • thinning starts superiorly → circumferentially with lipid deposits at leading edge
  • marginal opacification w/ superficial vascularization
  • irregular astigmatism develops as disease progresses
A

Terrien’s marginal degeneration

44
Q

will Terrien’s marginal degeneration stain with NaFl & why

A

no, epithelium is intact

45
Q

how can you manage pts w/ Terrien’s marginal degeneration in regards to significant thinning

A

polycarbonate safety lenses

46
Q

how can you manage the irregular astigmatism in pts w/ Terrien’s marginal degeneration

A

CLs

47
Q

in more advanced cases of Terrien’s marginal degeneration, how would you treat them

A

surgery

48
Q

how can you differentiate Terrien’s marginal degeneration with arcus senilis

A

arcus senilis has no stromal thinning

49
Q

how can you differentiate Terrien’s marginal degeneration with Mooren’s ulcer

A

Mooren’s ulcer will have significant pain & photophobia

50
Q

how can you differentiate Terrien’s marginal degeneration with marginal keratitis

A

marginal keratitis will have significant symptoms

51
Q

how can you differentiate Terrien’s marginal degeneration with pellucid marginal degeneration

A

pellucid marginal degeneration occurs inferiorly

Anterior Segment (37 decks)

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