intro to pharmacokinetics (drug distribution) Flashcards

1
Q

what determines ADME

A

structure of a drug molecule

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2
Q

what may be needed for a drug to provide a response

A

prolonged exposure of the target with the drug

by repeated dosing

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3
Q

best way for drugs to get to targets

A

through blood

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4
Q

how much of every person is water

A

70%

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5
Q

what do some drugs bind to in the blood

A

plasma proteins

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6
Q

do drugs bound to plasma proteins have clinical effect

A

no, only free drugs do

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7
Q

is there equilibrium in the drug between those bound to plasma protein and those that are free

A

yes

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8
Q

what happens with drugs not bound to plasma protein

A

more of the drug can leave to
- go to the target
- be metabolised
- be excreted

drugs bound have much less concentration leaving to do those things

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9
Q

do free drugs or drugs bound to plasma proteins stay around for longer

A

drugs bound to plasma proteins stay around for longer

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10
Q

how do drugs leave the circulatory system

A

through pores

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11
Q

is there many pores in CNS

A

no, makes it harder for drugs to leave

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12
Q

once the drug enters the cell can they still bind to other things

A

yes, can bind to mitochondria etc

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13
Q

what is in the central compartment (two compartment model)

A

water and proteins

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14
Q

what does the drug do in the central compartment

A

equilibrates between free and bound drug

only free drug in the water can get to targets

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15
Q

what is the second compartment made up of (two compartment model)

A

proteins and lipids
water

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16
Q

what happens to the drug in the second compartment

A

equilibrate between free and bound drugs

17
Q

what happens to drugs with high plasma protein affinity

A

they stay in the blood

18
Q

what happens to drug with high tissue protein affinity

A

it all goes to the tissues

19
Q

what volume is the water compartment

20
Q

how is drug distribution measured

A

measure of how distributed drug is between blood and tissue

21
Q

Vd of blood

22
Q

what does it mean is Vd of drug is 0.06L/Kg

A

drug stays in the blood

23
Q

what does it mean if drug has a Vd of 0.25L/kg

A

the drug stays in water, blood and extra vascular fluid

can’t get into cell

24
Q

what does it mean is Vd of drug is 0.07L/Kg

A

the drug stays in the cells, blood and water

25
what does it mean if Vd is less than 0.7L/Kg
the drug must leave the water and go into the tissues means very little free drug in water as its all in tissues and you must give more drug to get to target
26
what does Vd of less than 0.7l/kg mean in terms of half life
it is greater and it can't be excreted as its all in tissues
27
do drugs that are lipophilic have low of high Vd
high
28
do drugs that are hydrophilic have low of high Vd
low as can't get into cells easily
29
are acidic drugs highly plasma bound or free drugs
highly plasma bound as they are attracted to albumin (plasma protein)
30
what are basic drugs attracted to
tissues
31
do acidic or basic drugs have a higher Vd
basic have higher Vd compared to acids
32
can drugs with high Vd be removed via haemodialysis
no
33
why does high Vd vary from person to person
high fat content etc high fat means drug enters adipose tissues low fat means all drugs go to tissues