Intro to Pharm Flashcards
drug ending in -lol is most likely a
beta blocker
drug ending in -sin is most likely a
alpha blocker
drug ending in -pril is most likely a
ACE inhibitor
drug ending in -pine is most likely a
calcium channel blocker
drug ending in -ide is most likely a
diuretic agent
list some drugs with low TI (as mentioned in Iszard’s lecture)
digoxin lithium warfarin theophylline pheytoin gentamicin amopheticin B t-fluorouracil
describe additive chemical interactions
2+3=5
- just add the effects of both drugs together to get the final result
describe synergistic chemical interactions
3+3=9
- the drugs multiply each other to get a larger result
describe potentiated chemical interactions
2+0=4
- a drug that is normally non-effective on its own potentiates the effect of another drug
- EtOH + CCl4
describe functional antagonism
two agonists interact with different receptors to produce opposite effects
- adrenergic drug increases HR and BP and a vasodilator decreases BP (overall effect is an increased HR)
describe chemical antagonism
a drug counters the effect of another, resulting in decreased effect
- CaNa2 EDTA counteracts Pb and As poisoning
describe dispositional antagonism
metabolism of a chemical is altered and the concentration and/or duration of the chemical are diminished
- using ethanol to treat methanol poisoning (ethanol will compete for ethanol dehydrogenase and block methanol break down)
describe receptor antagonism
administering a drug that outcompetes a toxin for a specific receptor
- opioids
what are “A” coded drugs
drug products that are considered to be therapeutically equivalent to other pharmaceutically equivalent products
what are “B” coded drugs
drug products that are NOT considered to be therapeutically equivalent to other pharmaceutically equivalent products
what is mEq
milliequivalents (1/1,000th of an equivalent)
kg to lb
1 kg = 2.2 lbs
tsp to mL
1 tsp = 5 mL
tbsp to mL
1 tbsp = 15 mL
oz to mL
1 oz = 30 mL
mL/cc to L
1 mL/cc = 1/1,000 liter
quart to mL
1 quart = 946 mL
pint to mL
1 pint = 473 mL
gallon to L
1 gallon = 3.79 L
ounce to tbsp
1 ounce = 2 tbsp
qd
every day/daily
bid
twice daily
tid
three times daily
qid
four times daily
qod
every other day
q12h
every 12 hours
qam
every morning
qpm
every evening
qhs
every night at bedtime
prn
as needed
ac
before meals
pc
after meals
for the eye:
OD
right eye
for the eye:
OS
left eye
for the eye:
OU
both eyes
for the ears:
AD
right ear
for the ears:
AS
left ear
for the ears:
AU
both ears
sl
sublingually (under tongue)
sq
subcutaneously
pr
per rectum
NGT
naso-gastric tube
OGT
oro-gastric tube
exlir.
liquid or syrup
gr
grains - dry weight of meds
gt
drop
hs
at bedtime
supp.
meds inserted rectally
agit
shake, stir
Aq
water
Aq dest
distilled water
dil
dissolve, dilute
IVPB
IV piggy back
non rep
do not repeat
dosage formula
D/H x Q = one dose
D: doctor’s orders
H: supply on hand
Q: quantity
